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3 Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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Pre-Taghanic (Lower to lower Middle Givetian) brachiopods from Miłoszów in the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)

100%

Baliński A. , Halamski A. T.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

2023

tom Vol. 93, No. 1

3--102

Sixty-eight brachiopod species are reported from the upper part of the Skały Formation at Miłoszów (Łysogóry Region of the Holy Cross Mts., central Poland) on the basis of over 2,200 specimens. The fauna is Early to early Middle Givetian in age (timorensis to rhenanus/varcus conodont zones) and thus predates the Middle Givetian Taghanic Bioevent. One new genus and three new species are described. Leiocyrtia Baliński gen. nov. (type species: Leiocyrtia rara Baliński gen. et sp. nov.; Spiriferida, Cyrtiidae) is characterised by a non-costate shell with prominent sulcus and fold and capillate microornament. Undispirifer sidoniae Halamski and Baliński sp. nov. is characterised by transverse shells and dense ribbing. Moravilla andreae Baliński and Halamski sp. nov. is characterised by relatively coarse radial capillate ornament and is the first representative of the genus outside the type species from the Givetian of Moravia. The most abundant species are: Spinulicosta cf. spinulicosta, Antirhynchonella linguiformis, Pentamerelloides davidsoni, Peratos beyrichi, Plectospira ferita, Spinatrypa wotanica (confirmed to belong to that genus and not to Spinatrypina), Ambothyris sp., and Echinocoelia dorsoplana. ‘Spirifer’ quadriplicatus Sandberger and Sandberger, 1856, a rare species known from Miłoszów and the Rhenish Massif, is an orthide and belongs to Teichertina. The relationship between Skenidioides polonicus and S. cretus, formerly understood as anagenesis, is re-interpreted as budding cladogenesis. Davidsonia septata is reported as an epizoan on rugosan corals, a relationship never previously observed in representatives of that genus. Brachiopods represent different palaeoecological groupings, from relatively shallow-water taxa (BA3, globetum) to deep-water mud-dwelling ones (BA5, deeper brachiopodetum). The richest beds are M1-IIa (28 brachiopod species), M3-7 (23 species), and M0-9 (22 species). Eighteen species described here were not known previously in the Holy Cross Mountains, so the corrected total number of brachiopod species from the Middle Devonian of the Łysogóry Region is 140.

Middle Devonian uncinuloids (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellida) from North Africa and Central Europe

80%

Halamski A. T. , Baliński A. , Jansen U.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

2020

tom Vol. 90, No. 1

51--73

The paper includes a taxonomic revision of four externally similar Middle Devonian rhynchonellide species from northwestern Africa (Maïder, Tindouf Syncline) and Central Europe (Eifel, Bergisches Land, Holy Cross Mts.), considered in recent papers as representatives of Kransia Westbroek, 1967 or Nalivkinaria Rzhonsnitskaya, 1968. All four possess a septalium and a multilamellate cardinal process, the assignment to Nalivkinaria, having a bifid cardinal process, is therefore clearly inappropriate. Lebanzuella? issoumourensis (Drot, 1971) is present in the Givetian of Africa; two subspecies, L.? issoumourensis issoumourensis from Jbel Issoumour and L.? issoumourensis smarensis ssp. nov. from Western Sahara, are distinguished by their biometric characteristics. The other two species are included in Kransia (Fatimaerhynchia) subgen. nov. differing from Kransia (K.) in the presence of a septalium; the occurrence of such a variable structure is considered to be justification for distinction at the subgenus level. Kransia (Fatimaerhynchia) goldfussii (Schnur, 1853) is an Eifelian species. Kransia (Fatimaerhynchia?) aff. goldfussii from the Givetian of Bilveringsen is a separate species (larger, more transverse, more strongly ornamented), which is not described because of insufficient material. Kransia (Fatimaerhynchia) signata (Schnur, 1851) is present in the Middle Devonian of Jbel Issoumour, the middle Eifelian of the Eifel and the (upper?) Givetian of the Holy Cross Mountains.

The pre-Taghanic (Givetian, Middle Devonian) ecosystems of Miłoszów (Holy Cross Mts, Poland)

36%

Halamski A. T. , Baliński A. , Racki G. , Amler M. R. W. , Basse M. , Denayer J. , Dubicka Z. , Filipiak P. , Kondas M. , Krawczyński W. , Mieszkowski R. , Narkiewicz K. , Olempska E. , Wrzołek T. , Wyse-Jacson P. N. , Zapalski M. K. , Zatoń M. , Kozłowski W.

tom Vol. 92, No. 4

323--379

The middle and upper parts of the Skały Fm, Early to Middle Givetian in age, were investigated in four sections at Miłoszów Wood in the Łysogóry Region (northern region of the Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland). The dating is based on conodonts (Polygnathus timorensis Zone to the later part of the Polygnathus varcus/Polygnathus rhenanus Zone; early Polygnathus ansatus Zone cannot be excluded) and spores (Ex1–2 subzones) and, coupled with cartographic analysis and geophysical investigation, allows correlation within the strongly faulted succession. Significant lateral facies variations within the carbonate ramp depositional system in comparison with the better studied Grzegorzowice–Skały section, about 3 km distant, are documented, thanks to conodont-based correlation of both successions. Foraminifers, fungi, sponges, rugose and tabulate corals, medusozoans, microconchids and cornulitids, polychaetes (scolecodonts), molluscs (bivalves, rostroconchs, and gastropods), arthropods (trilobites and ostracods), bryozoans, hederelloids, ascodictyids, brachiopods, echinoderms (mostly crinoids, rare echinoids, holuthurians, and ophiocistoids), conodonts, fish, plants (prasinophytes, chlorophycophytes, and land plant spores), and acritarchs are present. Brachiopods are the most diverse phylum present (68 species), other richly represented groups are bryozoans and echinoderms; in contrast, cephalopods and trilobites are low in diversity and abundance. The muddy, middle to outer ramp biota (200 marine taxa, including 170 species of marine animals, 22 photoautotrophs, 6 forams) represents a mixture of allochthonous shallower-water communities (upper BA3), including storm- and possibly tsunami-affected coral mounds, and autochthonous deep-water soft-bottom brachiopod (e.g., Bifida–Echinocoelia) communities (BA 4–5). The richness and diversity of the Miłoszów biota is relatively high, comparable with other approximately coeval pre-Taghanic ecosystems during the Devonian climatic deterioration (cooling). Preliminary data indicate that in the Holy Cross Mountains, no large-scale replacement of brachiopod (and probably many other benthic ones, like crinoids) communities took place between the Early–Middle Givetian and the Early Frasnian, in contrast to the demise of the Hamilton/Upper Tully fauna in the Appalachian Basin. Such a similarity of pre- and post-Taghanic faunas does not exclude the occurrence of environmental perturbations and transient community turnovers, caused by immigrations during the Taghanic Biocrisis, but evidences the successful recovery of the indigenous biota.