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PL
W artykule przedstawiono informacje dotyczące obecnie stosowanych materiałów na zabudowy pożarnicze. Przedstawiono podstawowe rodzaje zabudów wraz ze sposobami wykonywania obliczeń za pomocą metody elementów skończonych. Podano założenia nowego typu zabudowy. Scharakteryzowan0 zbrojenia stosowane w konstrukcji laminatu. Omówiono rodzaje badań prowadzących do uzyskania modelu materiału laminatowego oraz jego współpracy z elementami aluminiowymi. Zaprezentowano wyniki przeprowadzonych badań i porównano je z obliczeniami.
EN
The article presents information on the currently used materials used in building superstructures. The basic types of superstructures together with the calculation methods with the use of the finite element method were presented. Assumptions of a new type of a superstructure were given. Reinforcements used in the laminate construction have been presented. Types of studies carried out to get a model made of laminate material and how they work with aluminum components were discussed. The results of the study were presented and compared with calculations.
EN
Introduction. Based on the kinetic chain model, in which the body is a linked system of interdependent and working in a proximal to distal order segments, the main task of the core is to stabilize the kinetic chain during functional movements. Poor core stability and muscle imbalance are factors that may contribute to injuries. By detecting imbalances, deficits and asymmetries in basic movement patterns, there is a tool which can provide the basis for the implementation of preventive strategies. Aim of Study. The main purpose of the present study is to verify the effectiveness of the corrective and stability exercises program on the quality of basic movement patterns among dance students. Material and Methods. The study was perform on 18 female students of first year of the Dance in physical culture from University of Physical Education in Poznan, Poland, who were divided into 2 groups: intervention (n = 9) and control (n = 9). In both groups, were carried out pre- and post-test. The quality of basic movement patterns was evaluated by the Functional Movement Screen, consisted of seven tests: deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise, trunk stability push-up, rotary stability. In the intervention group was introduced the program of corrective exercises based on the obtained results enriched with core stability exercises. After 12-week training program, the quality of basic movement patterns were assessed again in both groups. Results. The research found out that at the pretest there was no significant differences between both groups. However, the groups differed significantly (p < 0.05) at post-test in terms of the overall result of the FMS and 2 tests: deep squat and in-line lunge. Significant posttraining changes were noted for the intervention group in the overall FMS scores and 4 tests: deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, trunk stability push-up. Significant changes were also found in the control group in the overall FMS results and in the deep squat test. Conclusions. The identification of the “weakest links” of kinetic chain, integrated with properly planned and conducted corrective exercises, enriched with core stability exercises may positively impact on the quality of basic movement patterns, which seems to be the starting point for determining the possibility of used tool to prevent injuries.
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