Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Several reasons why social anomie and political alienation may influence ethnocentric attitudes. The compensating role of authoritarian-paranoid beliefs

100%

Radkiewicz P.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2007

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tom 38

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nr 1

5-14

EN

This article is an attempt to ascertain whether it is possible that a permanent experience of helplessness, senselessness and alienation from socio-political reality leads to an individual having ethnocentric attitudes. The supposition that there is a causal relation between the two phenomena would imply that people who feel lost and disoriented tend to have a strong sense of national identity. The empirical data used in the analyses was taken from a survey conducted among a nationwide representative sample of adult Poles (N=1522). The set of hierarchical regression analyses showed that the relations which were observed can be explained as being the effect of the joint operation of two separate mechanisms. Firstly, this is influenced partly by the fact that growing ethnocentrism and increasing anomie and alienation are common among elderly and poorly-educated people. The second mechanism consist of finding that people who experience feelings of socio-political senselessness and helplessness have a tendency to look for compensation in authoritarian-paranoid worldviews. It would seem that authoritarian-paranoid beliefs can be seen as being a mediator between social anomie and political alienation, on the one hand, and ethnocentric attitudes on the other.

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THE RANGE OF INTERPERSONAL TRUST, BELIEFS ABOUT THE SOCIAL WORLD AND INDIVIDUAL SOCIAL EXPERIENCES. TWO KINDS OF TRUST AND THEIR ROLE IN A SOCIAL CAPITAL

63%

Skarzynska K. , Radkiewicz P.

Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)

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2007

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tom 16

55-72

EN

A starting point of the analyses presented in this article is characteristic for Polish society low level of trust in people, which is accompanied by high level of declared social bonds with close and familiar people, especially with family. On a basis of results coming from nation-wide representative random sample (n = 891) authors show the following regularities: 1) trust in people and trust in familiars seem to be different and almost independent dimensions; 2) generalized trust in people is deeply rooted in social beliefs about the nature of human being and human relations; while trust in familiars is strongly rooted in positive interpersonal experiences and social bonds; 3) only trust in familiars seems to create social capital, i.e. is linked with institutional civic involvement.

3

GOOD FOR RELATIVES OR FOR A COMMUNITY? BENEVOLENCE AND UNIVERSALISM AS DETERMINANTS OF CIVIC ACTIVITY IN POLAND AND OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

63%

Radkiewicz P. , Skarzynska K.

Psychological Studies

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2006

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tom 44

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nr 3

51-64

EN

The article concerns the analysis of relationships between personal values and civic activity. The main hypotheses claims that individual's involvement in civic activities is determined by universalism and benevolence - two types of prosocial values defined in the S. Schwartz's model of personal values. The authors made use of the data derived form large international research European Social Survey. The results show that civic activity in Europe has certain common denominator, which consists of competence, effectiveness and efficiency. In most of the national communities quite strong effects of universalism have been revealed; and merely in two cases it was an effect of benevolence (Poland, Germany). The authors point at an existence of dissimilar models of the civic participation emerging in advanced democracies and in postcommunist countries (including Poland). It consist in fact, that in advanced democracy model one of the most important predictors of civic activity is the level of universalistic values acceptance, while in postcommunist countries universalism turned out to be meaningless factor.

4

A Comparative Study of Objective and Subjective Assessment of Occupational Risk

45%

Koradecka D. , Pośniak M. , Widerszal-Bazyl M. , Augustyńska D. , Radkiewicz P.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2010

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tom Vol. 16, No. 1

3--22

EN

Measurements of dangerous, harmful and annoying factors in the working environment are used to assess occupational risk. Surveys on workers’ subjective perception of risk are used, too. This study aimed to compare subjective assessment of work-related factors with their objective measurements and a national database on occupational risk. Spearman’s correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and structural modelling were used to determine the relationship between subjective and objective risk assessment and to acquire knowledge about the role of psychosocial job characteristics as predictors of subjective assessment. Subjective assessment of hazards was related not only to their objective measurements but also to psychosocial job characteristics, workers’ individual characteristics and work load. Even though subjective and objective assessments of hazard are strongly related, they are distinct phenomena. Hence, risk assessment should be carried out with both objective and subjective methods.

5

Dlaczego pielęgniarki wcześnie odchodzą z zawodu?

38%

Radkiewicz P. , Widerszal-Bazyl M. , Pokorski J. , Pokorska J. , Ogińska-Bulik H. , Pietsch E.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2004

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tom nr 7/8

31-34

PL

Kraje Unii Europejskiej, w szczególności zaś jej dawni zachodnioeuropejscy członkowie, doświadczają rosnącego niedoboru personelu medycznego średniego szczebla: pielęgniarek i położnych. Zjawisko to spowodowane jest, z jednej strony, procesami starzenia się społeczeństw europejskich, a z drugiej strony rosnącą falą przypadków przedwczesnego odchodzenia z zawodu pielęgniarskiego. Autorzy artykułu przedstawiają główne cele międzynarodowego programu badawczego NEXT, poświęconego temu zjawisku. Omawiają dane porównawcze z 10 krajów Europy (w tym Polski) dotyczące zamiaru porzucenia zawodu pielęgniarskiego oraz analizują czynniki, które mogą przyczyniać się do podejmowania takich decyzji.

EN

European Union countries, especially former Western European members, have been experiencing a growing shortage of mid-level medical personnel: nurses and midwives. This phenomenon has been caused, on the one hand, by the process of ageing of the European societies, and, on the other, by a growing wave of people prematurely leaving the nursing profession. The authors present the aims of NEXT, an international research programme devoted to a diagnosis of this phenomenon as well as to methods of counteracting it. The main part of the article shows, firstly, comparative data from 10 European countries (including Poland) concerning the intent to leave the nursing profession; and, secondly, an analysis of the factors which might be the cause of such decisions