Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Badania ekshumacyjne przeprowadzone w Miednoje latem 1991 roku

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Karolak A. , Łódzki U.

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Działalność Związku Patriotów Polskich w ZSRS w audycjach rozgłośni imienia Tadeusza Kościuszki

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Karolak A.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2017

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tom 1

101-122

EN

Appraising the activity of the Union of Polish Patriots on the basis of radio broadcasts in Polish, one can come to two conclusions. First, the Union of Polish Patriots was an organization dealing with Poles and Jews staying on the territory of the Soviet Union. After the severance of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union the aforementioned organization undermined the legitimacy of the Polish government in London. It was also responsible for passing an ideological declaration, which consisted of theses relating to the post-war borders of Poland. It should be noted however, that all postulates the declaration included (inter alia the subject matter of the post-war Polish-Soviet demarcation) were in fact solutions proposed by the USSR’s authorities. The board of the Union of Polish Patriots organized in war conditions both cultural and educational life for hundreds of thousands of Polish citizens. They were provided with material being to the greatest extent possible and thanks to it countless compatriots lived through that traumatic period. Broadcasts of the Tadeusz Kosciuszko Polishlanguage radio station never misrepresented actions of the Union of Polish Patriots. It arose from the fact that the radio station was functioning and acting as propaganda of its authorities, that is the USSR.

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Kwestia Niemieckiej Listy Narodowej w audycjach rozgłośni im. T. Kościuszki

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Karolak A.

Białostockie Teki Historyczne

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2014

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tom Białostockie Teki Historyczne, 2014, tom 12

EN

After the attack of Germany on the Soviet Union there was a need to conduct an intensive propaganda action. The Communist International, supervised by the Soviet authority, established 16 secret national stations. One of them was the Polish language T. Kościuszko broadcasting station. It functioned in the Soviet Union from August 1941 to August 22, 1944. It broadcast for Poland, which was occupied by the Third Reich. It was to encourage Poles to fight against Germans, helping at the same time Soviet authorities during the difficult time of Soviet military defeats. When the Communist International was dissolved, the T. Kościuszko broadcasting station fulfilled this goal under the supervision of the International Information Department of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Among numerous matters discussed by the Polish language editorial board, there was an issue of the German People’s List – functioning in Poland under the German occupation. The Polish language station encouraged people living in the territories annexed by the Third Reich (Wielkopolska, Pomorze, Górny Śląsk) to boycott the process of Germanization of Polish nationals. The process, consisting in granting citizenship of the Third Reich, obliged to military service in Wehrmacht. The radio deterred its listeners from joining German military forces, which was to have its consequences for the events in the Eastern Front: the authors of the broadcasts intended to indirectly support the Red Army fighting against the Nazi aggressor.

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Sprawy ruchu oporu w okupowanej Polsce w audycjach rozgłośni im. T. Kościuszki

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Karolak A. , Uniwersytet Łódzki W. F.-H.

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EN

On June 22nd 1941 the IIIrd Reich attacked USSR. The outcome of military warfare on Eastern Front, unfavourable for the Red Army, caused the Communist International (CI) structures, operating in the Soviet country since 1919, to move in October 1941 from Moscow to Ufa and Kuybyshev. After the German aggression a need for intensive propaganda works came into existence. Within the Executive Committee’s (EC) apparatus there was, among others, Press and Radio Broadcasting Department supervised by Bedřich Geminder during 1941–1943 (pseudonym: G. Friedrich). Between 1941–1942 there were a general radio office and 16 secret national stations, which in 1943 were incorporated into the Department. After the dissolvement of CI, spring 1943, the radio stations were affiliated to a secret Institute of Science and Research no. 205 (the former Press and Radio Department of ECCI) operating in a newly formed International Information Department of Central Committee the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Among 16 offices that CI brought to life, there was a station under the name of Tadeusz Kościuszko, broadcasting in Polish language. It started broadcasting in July 1941 and continued up to July 22nd 1944. Its headquarters was situated initially in Moscow, however, after the evacuation of ECCI in October 1941 it broadcasted from Ufa, Bashkiria. The station touched many issues regarding the war and occupation One of them was the issues of the leftwing resistance movement in occupied Poland. In the station’s news it was indicated which cities or towns were liberated by communist underground Apart from that the office underlined in its announcements that people’s army freed people enslaved by German occupier. The audience was keenly informed that the guerillas were fighting railway infrastructure in order to hinder the arms and ammo, food and new recruits convoys to the Eastern frontline. The broadcast did not skip such issues as liquidation of German occupying authorities’ representatives; raids on the premises where Wehrmacht soldiers spent their free time; or sabotaging the German warfare industry. The aim of the news was not merely informing about the effectiveness of the Communist Resistance, but also encouraging the audience to form new guerilla divisions or joining the already existing ones to engage in warfare.