Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Wincenty Lutosławski - człowiek i dzieło

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Zaborowski R.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2004

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tom R. 49, nr 1

65--82

EN

Wincenty Lutosławski was born in Warsaw, on June 6, 1863. His initial choice of university studies was chemistry and he got his first diploma for the thesis Das Gesetz der Beschleunigung der Esterbildung, ein Beitrag zur chemischen Dynamik (Halle 1885). Later, in 1885, he moved on to study at a faculty of history and philology under Gustav Teichmiiller; and he obtained a master’s degree in philosophy for the thesis Erhaltung und Untergang der Staatsverfassungen nach Plato, Aristoteles und Machiavelli (Dorpat, 1887, second edition - Breslau 1888). Lutosławski spent the next ten years studying Plato’s logic (The Origin and Growth o f Plato s Logic with an Account of Plato’s Style and o f the Chronology o f his Writings, London 1897, second edition 1905, reprinted in 1983). In the years 1899-1900 he lectured at the Chair of Philosophy of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, and in the years 1901-1902 he gave lectures at universities in Lausanne (on Mickiewicz) and in Geneva (on Plato). Lutosławski spent the next few years travelling around the USA and Europe. In 1919 he was offered the Chair of Philosophy at the Stefan Batory University in Wilno (Vilnius). After retiring in 1929, he lived for two years in Paris, then for some time in the vicinity of Cieszyn, and since 1934 until his death in Cracow. He died on December 28, 1954. The fullest bibliography of Lutosławski’s work in the years 1885-1952 covers a total of 820 items, out of which ninety six appeared as selfstanding publications; he published in Polish, German, English, French, Spanish, Italian and Russian (he also knew Grek and Latin). The current paper discusses three areas of Lutosławskie research: Plato, Polish romanticists, and his own philosophical system. Lutosławski is best known for his discoveries on the chronology of Plato’s works, but it must be noted that tackling the issue of chronology was but ”a footnote to a footnote” and was of secondary importance to Lutosławskie main concern, namely the study of evolution of Plato’s thought. Lutosławski discovered that after Plato had created idealism, he went beyond it and moved towards spiritualism. However, Lutosławski’s discovery was disregarded by his critics. Fifty years later, at the Tenth Congress of Philosophy in Amsterdam in 1948, Lutosławski once again described in his paper ’’the momentous question of Plato’s change of mind, his giving up completely the idealism and communism of the Republic, and proclaiming the individual souls as the only real substances.” Lutoslawski’s attachment to Polish romanticists stemmed from his conviction of their unique worth and importance, which he wrote about in his books published in foreign languages, thus becoming an impassioned promoter of Polish culture abroad (cf. Volonte et liberte, Paris 1913, Pre-existence and Re-incarnation, London 1928, The Knowledge o f Reality, Cambridge 1930, Preesistenza e reincamazione, Torino 1931). He delivered two papers devoted to this subject-matter at the Fourth International Congrees of Philosophy in Bologna in 1911 (W. Lutosławski, La nation comme realite metaphysique, in; Atti del IV Congresso internazionale di filosofia, vol. 3, Bolgona 1911, pp. 449-454; W. Lutosławski, Le messiansimepolonais, in: Atti del IV Congresso internazionale di filosofia, vol. 3, Bolgona 1911, pp. 186-192), while at the Ninth International Congress of Philosophy in Paris (1937) he gave a paper devoted to the work of Adam Mickiewicz (W. Lutosławski, L ’extase mystique, extrait des Travaux de IXe Congres International de Philosophie (Congres Descartes), Paris 1-6 Aout 1937, pp. 149-157). In that last paper, Lutsosławski argued that if Mickiewicz stopped writing poetry at the age of thirty-five and devoted himself completely to public and religious activity, this was because he had abandoned it voluntarily, under the influence of the experience described in his last poetic work Widzenie (The Vision). Lutosławski considered himself more of a philosopher rather than just as a historian of philosophy. Initially he reduced all forms of Weltanschauung to only two: ’’The individualist says ‘I do most really exist, and besides me other beings like myself.’ The universalist answers: ‘Only the whole does really exist, and I am but a manifestion of being’”. As time went by, Lustoławski distinguished four such forms: materialism, idealism, pantheism and monadology, otherwise referred to as individualism, spiritualism or eleutherism. The last term derives from the Greek word eleutheria (freedom), which means that eleutherism is a view based on the recognition of the creative free will.

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Feelings as Considered by Preplatonic and Contemporary Philosophers - Coincidence or Influence?

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Zaborowski R.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2007

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tom 52

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nr 1

47-75

EN

Feelings' role in ancient Greek conceptions up till now has not become clear. As far as the researchers of antiquities are interested in Aristotle's and Hellenistic philosophers, Plato's and his predecessors has not been analysed from this point of view yet. It is often connected with a fact that Preplatonic philosophy is so-called philosophy of physis, and/or its nature is exclusively rationalistic. Thanks to the analysis of three passages (Heraclitus fr. B 85, Parmenides fr. B 3 and Democritus fr. B 31), and multilevel interpretation of Plato's conception one can indicate - if focus one's attention on the elements concerning the affectivity - the similarities to contemporary philosophers' outlooks. Among others, they concern 1) Heraclitus (and Parmenides fr. B 1, 1) versus Hume, Pascal, Ribot, Brentano, Bergson, 2) Parmenides versus Descartes, 3) Democritus versus Ribot, 4) Plato versus Scheler and Hartmann. Such analyses and interpretations let conquer conventional thinking of the Greek emotionality issue, because on the one hand they reveal a kind of deformations and misconstructions in searches, and on the other show a current interest of ancient interpretations. In support of the statement it is worth reminding of the formulation 'emotional intelligence' that recently has enjoyed great popularity. Its origins can be found already in Greek philosophers' thought.

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Les Sentiments chez les preplatoniciens et les modernes - coincidences ou influences?

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Zaborowski R.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2007

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tom R. 52, nr 1

47-75

PL

Rola uczuć w starożytnych koncepcjach greckich jest daleka od bycia wyjaśnioną. O ile jeszcze badacze interesują się filozofią Arystotelesa i filozofów okresu hellenistycznego, to Platon i jego poprzednicy właściwie nie są badani w tym zakresie. Często dzieje się tak, ponieważ przyjmuje się, że filozofia preplatońska jest filozofią physis i/lub jej charakter jest wyłącznie racjonalistyczny. Na drodze analizy trzech fragmentów (Heraklit B 85, Parmenides B 3 i Demokryt B 31) oraz wielopoziomo- wego ujęcia Platona można wskazać, o ile skupić się na elementach dotyczących uczuciowości, na podobieństwa z poglądami filozofów współczesnych. Dotyczą one: l) Heraklit (i Parmenides fr. B I, 1) versus Hume, Pascal, Ribot, Brentano, Bergson, 2) Parmenides versus Kartezjusz, 3) Demokryt versus Ribot, 4) Platon versus Scheler, Hartmann. Analizy i interpretacje tego typu pozwalają przezwyciężyć stereotypowe myślenie o greckim podejściu do zagadnienia uczuciowoś- ci, gdyż wskazują na deformacje i nadinterpretacje w badanich z jednej strony oraz na całkowitą aktualność tych starożytnych ujęć z drugiej. Przykładem jest modne ostatnio sformułowanie inteligencja emocjonal- na, którego zalążki można odnaleźć u filozofów greckich.

EN

Feelings' role in ancient Greek conceptions up till now has not become clear. As far as the researchers of antiquity are interested in Aristotle's and Hellenistic philosophers, Plato's and his predecessors has not been analysed from this point ofview yet. It is often connected with a fact that Preplatonic philosophy is so-called philosophy of physis, and/or its nature is exclusively rationalistic. Thanks to the analysis ofthree passages (Heraclitus fr. B 85, Parmenides fr. B 3 and Democritus fr. B 31 ), and multilevel interpretation of Plato's conception one can indicate -if focus one's attention on the elements concerning the affectivity -the similarities to contemporary philosophers' outlooks. Among others, they concern 1) Heraclitus (and Palmenides fr. B 1, 1) versus Hume, Pascal, Ribot, Brentano, Bergson, 2) Parmenides yersus Descartes, 3) Democritus versusRibot, 4) Plato versus Scheler and Hartmann. Such analyses and interpretations let conquer conventional thinking of the Greek emotionality issue, because on the one hand they reveal a kind of deformations and misconstructions in searches, and on the other show a current importance of ancient con- ceptions. In support ofthe statement it is worth reminding of the formulation emotional intelligence that recently has enjoyed great popularity. His origins can be found already in Greek philosophers' thought.

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About the Greek origin of acarology: a short note on Argas and the Acari

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Zaborowski R. , Daszkiewicz P.

Biological Letters

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2016

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tom 53

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nr 1

5

Zastosowanie mieszania wgłębnego i iniekcji strumieniowej do wzmocnienia podłoża pod budynkiem basenu

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Topolnicki M. , Świniański J. , Baran K. , Zaborowski W. , Zaborowski R.

Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika

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2003

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tom nr 3-4

223-226

PL

Przedstawiono jeden z pierwszych przykładów zastosowania W Europie nowoczesnej technologii wgłębnego mieszania gruntu na mokro (wet Deep Mixing Metod) w celu posadowienia budynku basenu na uwarstwionym podłożu zawierającym grunt organiczny. Techologia "wet DMM", wprowadzona w Polsce przez firmę Keller, polega na mechanicznym mieszaniu in situ gruntu z zaczynem cementowym i pozwala na formowanie kolumn z cementogruntu w układzie dostosowanym do wymagań statycznych. Ponadto zastosowano iniekcję strumieniową (jet grouting) do podchwycenia starych fundamentów oraz posadzki w części budynku posadowionej pierwotnie w sposób bezpośredni.

EN

Presented is one of the first applications in Europe of a modern ground improvement technology, called wet Deep Mixing Method, for foundation of a swimming pool building on stratified subsoil containing organic layer. The DMM technology was introduced in Poland by the Keller Company. In this method of ground improvement existing soils are mixed in-situ with cement slurry to form columns of stabilised soil, which can be arranged according to design requirements. The cemented soil material that is produced generally has a higher strength, lower permeability and lower compressibility than the native soil. Besides DMM, also jet grouting was applied for underpinning of old foundations and the floor in a part of the building initially founded directly on the surface ground.

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Obserwacje nad zachowaniem się krów utzrymywanych w oborze boksowej - wolnowybiegowej

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Dobicki A. , Szulc T. , Adamczyk J. , Roszkowski M. , Zaborowski R.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej we Wrocławiu. Zootechnika

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1981

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tom 24