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Increasing of rapid prototyping performance by 3D printing technologies

100%

Matsi B. , Otto T. , Roosimölder L.

2009

tom Vol. 9, No. 1

121--129

Rapid prototyping (RP) is being recognised as a significant technology for future product development. One of the most effective RP technologies is 3D printing. A three dimensional object is created by layering and connecting successive cross sections of material. Therefore this new RP methodology is generally faster, more affordable and easier to use than any other additive fabrication technologies. This paper analyses performance of RP methods and compares these based on use-cases. Prototypes of casing type details have been created using different RP technologies. Productivity of product development process and 3D printing has been investigated. A problem in differences between physical prototypes compared to existing computer model (digital prototype) can be diminished by using comparative pre-testing. Case studies of increasing innovation capacity in development of casing type details have been analysed. In addition, suggestions for increasing innovation capacity and performance of rapid manufacturing have been made.

Molecular biogeography of red deer Cervus elaphus from eastern Europe: insights from mitochondrial DNA sequences

51%

Niedzialkowska M. , Jedrzejewska B. , Honnen A.-C. , Otto T. , Sidorovich V. E. , Perzanowski K. , Skog A. , Hartl G. B. , Borowik T. , Bunevich A. N. , Lang J. , Zachos F. E.

nr 1

European red deer are known to show a conspicuous phylogeographic pattern with three distinct mtDNA lineages (western, eastern and North-African/Sardinian). The western lineage, believed to be indicative of a southwestern glacial refuge in Iberia and southern France, nowadays covers large areas of the continent including the British Isles, Scandinavia and parts of central Europe, while the eastern lineage is primarily found in southeast-central Europe, the Carpathians and the Balkans. However, large parts of central Europe and the whole northeast of the continent were not covered by previous analyses. To close this gap, we produced mtDNA control region sequences from more than 500 red deer from Denmark, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and western Russia and combined our data with sequences available from earlier studies to an overall sample size of almost 1,100. Our results show that the western lineage extends far into the European east and is prominent in all eastern countries except for the Polish Carpathians, Ukraine and Russia where only eastern haplotypes occurred. While the latter may actually reflect the natural northward expansion of the eastern lineage after the last ice age, the present distribution of the western lineage in eastern Europe may in large parts be artificial and a result of translocations and reintroduction of red deer into areas where the species became extinct in historical times.