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Introduction: Mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses are more common in the frontal sinus than other sinuses due to multifactorial causes. Their close proximity to the orbit can lead to complications like diplopia, severe proptosis or even vision diminution. CT being the modality of choice, clearly demonstrates bony walls of paranasal sinuses and the extension of a mucocele into the surrounding structures. Mucoceles can either be excised endoscopically or by external approach. Case report: We describe our experience of three frontal mucocele cases all of which showed advanced orbital involvement and were managed successfully by endoscopic approach with no complications or recurrence. All symptoms including diplopia and proptosis significantly improved in every case. Hence, we reiterate the management of paranasal sinus mucocele via endoscopic approach as the preferred surgical modality having advantage of shorter recovery time, easy access, lower morbidity and incidence of potential complications.
EN
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of radiation induced hypothyroidism after treatment with radiotherapy alone or in combination with surgery/chemotherapy in head & neck cancer patients. Methods: This study was a retrospective non-randomized trial performed on 100 patients of head & neck cancer in whom definitive radiotherapy, postoperative radiotherapy or radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy was given. Values of TSH, T3 & T4 were analyzed at baseline and at 6 monthly follow-up. Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as TSH value of > 4 mU/L and Clinical hypothyroidism was taken as TSH > 10 mU/L with decreased T3 & T4. Results: Out of 100 patients, 73 individuals were euthyroid at the end of 2-year follow-up, 21% had subclinical hypothyroidism and 6% had clinical hypothyroidism. The incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the surgery plus radiotherapy group and the radiotherapy group was 22.3% & 50%, respectively. The incidence of clinical hypothyroidism in the surgery plus radio therapy group and the radiotherapy group was 6.5% & nil, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of hypothyroidism is high in head & neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. The risk is higher in patients who undergo surgery in combination with radiotherapy. Regular thyroid function test is, therefore, recommended.
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