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tom 28
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nr 1
EN
We studied the quantity and spatial and dynamic changes of land use and ecosystem service functions in Nanping City from 1995 to 2015 using of Landsat TM / ETM images in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2005, and 2015. The results show that the main land use types in the study area were forest land, cultivated land, and grassland, and the rapid growth rate of forest land was in sharp contrast with the decrease of cultivated land. In the conversion of six land use types, conversions among the forest land, cultivated land, and grassland were the most frequent. The forest was spatially schistose distribution and the grassland was clustered in the central and eastern parts, and the construction land was clustered to the central urban area, and the cultivated land was particularly broken, and the distribution pattern changes of the water area and unused land were not obvious. The dynamic changes of cultivated land, construction land, and unused land were more intense and their stability were worse, and the activity of land use in the study area was also increasing. The value of ecosystem services in Nanping was on the rise, and the contribution rate of forest ecosystem services was the highest, which accounted for more than 85% of the whole ecosystem service function, followed by grassland and cultivated land. The contribution rate of water area and unused land decreased less, while the contribution rate of unused land was minimal. Population is one of the driving factors that affect land use changes and the value of ecosystem services in Nanping.
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tom Vol. 66, nr 3
571--581
EN
The major reasons that cause the damage of damper bars in the leeward side are found in this paper. It provides a route for the structure optimization design of a hydro generator. Firstly, capacity of a 24 MW bulb tubular turbine generator is taken as an example in this paper. The transient electromagnetic field model is established, and the correctness of the model is verified by the comparison of experimental results and simulation data. Secondly, when the generator is operated at rated condition, the eddy current density distributions of damper bars are studied. And the asymmetric phenomenon of the eddy current density on damper bars is discovered. The change laws of the eddy currents in damper bars are determined through further analysis. Thirdly, through the study of eddy current distributions under different conditions, it is confirmed that the stator slots and armature reaction are the main factors to affect the asymmetric distribution of the eddy current in damper bars. Finally, the studies of the magnetic density distribution and theoretical analysis revealed the asymmetric distribution mechanism of eddy current density.
EN
Cellulase has the ability to remove fuzz-fibres from cellulosic textiles, which endows fabric with a glabrous appearance and soft handle. In this paper, the combined uses of bio-polishing and reactive dyeing in one bath were carried out, aiming at shortening the treatment time and reducing the overall consumption of water and energy as well. The properties of cotton fabrics before and after the combined treatments were investigated, including the colour strength, colour fastnesses and tearing strength. The results indicated that the colour fixing agent of soda had noticeable inhibiting effects on cellulase activity. Meanwhile reactive dyes might react with cellulase proteins under alkaline conditions, resulting in decelerating influences on the dye-fibre covalent reactions. The acceptable one-bath process consisted of bio-polishing and dyeing of cotton in neutral solution, followed by dye fixation under alkaline conditions. Compared to polishing and dyeing in two baths, the one-bath method endowed fabric with a bit lower colour strength.
PL
Celulaza ma zdolność do usuwania włosków zmechacenia z tekstyliów celulozowych, co pozwala na osiągnięcie gładkiej powierzchni o delikatnym chwycie. W pracy badano sumaryczny efekt biopolerowania i reaktywnego barwienia przeprowadzanych w jednej kąpieli. Metoda ta ma na celu skrócenie czasu obróbki i zredukowanie ogólnego zapotrzebowania na wodę i energię. Badano właściwości tkanin bawełnianych przed i po obróbce. Między innymi badano nasycenie kolorem, trwałość koloru i wytrzymałość na rozrywanie. Wyniki wskazują, że soda jako środek utrwalający kolor ma zauważalny wpływ na hamowanie działania celulazy. Porównując metodę równoczesnego polerowania i barwienia z metodą, gdzie obydwie obróbki stosowane są indywidualnie stwierdzono, że w metodzie równoczesnej obróbki uzyskuje się nieco niższe nasycenie koloru.
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