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Enhanced thebaine and noscapine production and modulated gene expression of tyrosine/dopa decarboxylase and salutaridinol 7-O-acetyltransferase genes in induced autotetraploid seedlings of Papaver bracteatum Lindl

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Madani H. , Hosseini B. , Karimzadeh G. , Rahimi A.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2019

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tom 41

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nr 12

EN

Papaver bracteatum, belonging to Papaveraceae, is considered to be a primary ingredient in the production of codeine and anti-drug drugs (e.g., naloxone and Naltrexone) without the involvement of morphine. For polyploidy induction, papaver seedlings were treated with various colchicine concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5% w/v) in three time durations (24, 48 and 72 h). The effects of polyploidy induction on morphological, physiological, alkaloid production and gene expression levels in the pathway of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were analyzed. High rates of seedling survival were observed at lower colchicine concentrations (0.05 and 0.1% w/v) versus higher concentrations (0.2 and 0.5% w/v). The best polyploidy treatment to induce P. bracteatum shoot tips was observed in plants treated with 0.2% colchicine for 72 h. P. bracteatum-induced tetraploids showed higher stomata and an increase in leaf area (mm2), chlorophyll (a, b and total) and a decrease in stomata density, leaf length (cm) and petiole length. Flow cytometry and chromosome counting analysis revealed that chromosome number was 2n = 2x = 14 in diploid plants and 2n = 4x = 28 in tetraploid plants. Gene expression analysis through semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that the transcription level of sat and tydc genes of the benzylisoquinoline biosynthesis pathway was enhanced in tetraploid plants. The tetraploid plants of P. bracteatum also showed 5.86 and 30.55 times higher thebaine and noscapine contents than the diploid plants, respectively. Regarding the higher commercial value of thebaine and noscapine, tetraploids can efficiently be used to improve the thebaine and noscapine production of P. bracteatum.

2

Enhanced production of scopolamine in induced autotetraploid plants of Hyoscyamus reticulatus L.

100%

Madani H. , Hosseini B. , Dehghan E. , Rezaei-chiyaneh E.

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nr 03

EN

Asimple and efficient procedure was established for in vitro propagation of lattice henbane (Hyoscyamus reticulatus L.) using shoot tip explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA). In vitro-induced autotetraploid plants of H. reticulatus L. exhibiting high yield of scopolamine were successfully induced by different concentrations of colchicine solutions (0.00, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 %) which were applied for 24, 48 and 72 h. Treated shoot tips were regenerated on MS medium supplemented with 8.8 mM BAP and 2.2 mMIAA and rooted on MS medium containing 2.2 mM indolyl-3- butyric acid, then were acclimatized and transferred to soil. According to the results, 0.1 % (w/v) of colchicine for 48 h can be effective for induction of polyploidy in H. reticulatus L. The induced tetraploid plants represented a different structural, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Autotetraploid plants of H. reticulatus also showed a higher conversion of hyoscyamine to scopolamine as scopolamine content was increased from 0.23 in diploids to 8.66 % in the induced tetraploid plants. Regarding the higher commercialvalue of scopolamine than the other tropane alkaloids, tetraploidy can efficiently be used to improve scopolamine production of H. reticulatus.

3

Response of hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana L.) to UV-B radiation

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Stoklosa A. , Madani H. , Upadhyaya M. K.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2012

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tom 65

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nr 2

EN

This greenhouse experiment evaluated the response of hoary alyssum plants, up to the rosette phase, to different levels of UV-B radiation. The experiment was carried out in the chambers, equipped with UV-B lamps, emitting biologically effective UV-B radiation of 0 (control), 4, 6 or 8 kJ. As a result, specific traits of the plants such as: leaf number, lamina length, leaf area, specific leaf weight, relative chlorophyll content and shoot biomass were unaffected by any of the UV-B treatments. Significant reductions in the share of large leaves, leaf stalk length and root biomass were noted for plants growing under 8 kJ UV-BBE.

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie reakcji pyleńca pospolitego (Berteroa incana L.), do fazy rozety liściowej, na promieniowanie UV-B. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w warunkach szklarniowych, w komorach wyposażonych w lampy emitujące biologicznie czynne promieniowanie UV-B w stężeniu: 0 (kontrola), 4, 6 i 8 kJ. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że zastosowane promieniowanie nie wpływało na takie cechy roślin, jak: liczba liści, długość blaszki liściowej, powierzchnia liści, specyficzna masa liści (SLW) oraz względna zawartość chlorofilu (w jednostkach SPAD) i masa części nadziemnych. Natomiast zaobserwowano istotną redukcję w udziale dużych liści, w długości ogonków liściowych i biomasie korzeni u roślin eksponowanych na najwyższe, 8 kJ UV-BBE, promieniowanie UV-B.