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Rakúsko-uhorské vyrovnanie a jeho ústavné zakotvenie v zákonnom článku XII/1867

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Laclavíková M. , Švecová A.

Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

2017

tom 156

nr 12

1153-1171

The study presents the primary view on the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, i.e. the constitutional, social and political background of the Compromise, within the Hungarian part of the dual monarchy. It highlights the essential constitutional bases which played an important role in the development of state and law during the dual monarchy and after its dissolution for the successor states. The attention is drawn mainly to the constitutional basis-the Law no. XII/1867, and its significance for the birth of Hungarian constitutionalism. The Law no. XII/1867 can be seen as a parallel to the December Constitution and both can be seen as fundaments of Czech and Slovak constitutional history, as well as fundaments of constitutional history of some other nations of the dual-monarchy.

Štúdia predstaví primárnu rovinu pohľadu na vyrovnanie – charakteristiku ústavného a spoločensko- politického základu v historickoprávnom a teritoriálnom rámci uhorskej časti dualistickej monarchie. Akcentuje základné ústavnoprávne východiská, ktoré zohrali v nasledujúcom štátnom a právnomvývoji za dualizmu (aj pre vývoj nástupníckych štátov bývalého Uhorska) mimoriadne dôležitú úlohu. Štúdia približuje predovšetkým ústavný základ vyrovnania v podobe zákonného čl. XII/1867 a jeho význam v ústavnej praxi počiatkov uhorského konštitucionalizmu. Zákonný čl. XII/1867 možno chápať v pozícii pendanta k predlitavskej Decembrovej ústave, pričom oba dokumenty založili podstatné kontúry českej a slovenskej (ale aj iných národov rakúsko-uhorskej monarchie) spoločnej ústavnoprávnej dualistickej minulosti.

Formation of the Czech Republic and Slovakia

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Siskovič Š. , Laclavíková M.

The Lawyer Quarterly

2018

tom 8

nr 3

193-213

In this article we present some of the problems connected with the formation of the First Czechoslovak Republic from the legal point of view. Our aim is to point out that the First Czechoslovak Republic could not arise for the Slovaks on the 28th of October, 1918. Our argumentation is firstly based on the historical discussion (descriptive level) which was held in the past, but at the same time we try to formulate conclusions applicable on other similar cases within nowadays discussion (prescriptive level). In the beginning of the article we analyse the thesis according to which the First Czechoslovak Republic was created on the 28th of October, 1918, while trying to come to terms with the arguments that support this legal fiction. Consequently we analyze the thesis that the First Czechoslovak Republic could not be legally created for the Slovaks on the 28th of October, 1918, because at that time the Czechoslovak Republic did not execute its effective power on the Slovak territory. To support this thesis we use also the stable practice of the Supreme Administration Court. At the end of the article, we try to summarize all the previous arguments and draw the attention to the lack of explanatory power of the legal fiction claiming that the Czechoslovak Republic was created on the 28th of October, 1918.