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Food habits of ungulates in dry tropical forests of Gir Lion Sanctuary, Guarajat, India

100%

Khan J. A.

tom 39

nr 2

Food habits of chital Axis axis (Exrleben, 1777), sambar Ceruus unicolor (Kerr, 1792) and nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas, 1776) of Gir Lion Sanctuary were studied from January 1987 to December 1988. Data were collected on feeding animals by direct observations using scan and focai animal sampling methods. Results suggest that all three species are mixed feeders to varying degree and grass to browse ratio varied significantly in different seasons. Chitai utilised 38 species of shrubs, ten species of grasses and two species of climbers whereas sambar and nilgai utilised 29 and 19 species of shrubs, respectively. As a result of drought in 1987, chital utilised far greater proportion of browse (leaves and shoots) during 1988 compared to 1987, sambar diet mainly comprised of bark material of six plant species during winter and summer of 1988. All three species utilised different species of Acacia and Zizyphus in Gir but their utilisation differed significantly between different species thereby facilitating their co-existence.

Comparative efficacy of silymarin and choline chloride (liver tonics) in preventing the effects of aflatoxin B1 in bovine calves

38%

Naseer O. , Khan J. A. , Khan M. S. , Omer M. O. , Chishti G. A. , Sohail M. L. , Saleem M. U.

nr 3

Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus spp. which are injurious to animals and humans The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI), Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG), haematological and serum biochemical responses of Bovine Calves and to determine the comparative efficacy of two different liver tonics against AFB1. Twenty seven calves were selected from herd and divided into 3 groups. All calves were fed with 1.0 mg/kg AFB1 for a period of 10 days. After that they were fed with liver tonics: Silymarin fed at a rate of 600 mg/kg and Choline chloride 500 mg/kg for 7 days. The results indicate that the ADFI and ADWG of AFB1 treated calves decreased significantly. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine significantly increased due to AFB1. In haematology the total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), haematocrit levels (HCT), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocyte %, neutrophil % and monocyte % significantly decreased in AFB1 treated calves after 10 days of feeding. Both liver tonics significantly (p<0.05) improved all the parameters, including ADFI, ADWG, hematologial and serum biochemical test. However, Silymarin comparatively more efficiently ameliorate the effects induced by AFB1 than choline chloride.

Prognostic potential of KLOTHO and SFRP1 promoter methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

32%

Alsofyani A. A. , Alsiary R. A. , Samkari A. , Alhaj-Hussain B. T. , Khan J. A. , Al-Maghrabi J. , Elaimi A. , Al-Qahtani M. H. , Abuzenadah A. M. , Dallol A.

tom 58

nr 4