Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Analysis of Benefits and Barriers in Implementing the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme in Selected Organisations

100%

Ociepa-Kubicka A.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2019

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tom Tom 21, cz. 2

1461--1472

EN

The development of enterprises in the 21st century must involve care for the natural environment. Owing to the introduction of ecological activities, entrepreneurs gain in the economic, ecological and social sphere. That is why it is so important to implement and disseminate ecological management in companies. Although undoubtedly the environmental awareness of entrepreneurs is increasing, there is a lack of much interest in implementing additional systems such as the EMAS Eco-Management and Audit Scheme. The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of a functioning EMAS management system on the activities of organisations that have implemented this system. The basis for the evaluation was the results of research and a review of domestic and foreign literature. The results of the research show that the organisations undertook to implement EMAS observing a number of benefits. However, at the implementation stage, there were numerous, not always foreseen, difficulties which extended the planned implementation period. The conducted research can be the basis for the development of new procedures facilitating the implementation of the systems in the enterprise. They can provide valuable information for various organizations supporting and disseminating the development of pro-ecological management.

PL

Rozwój przedsiębiorstw w XXI wieku musi wiązać się z troską o środowisko naturalne. Dzięki wprowadzaniu działań ekologicznych przedsiębiorcy zyskują na płaszczyźnie ekonomicznej, ekologicznej i społecznej. Dlatego tak ważne jest wdrażanie oraz upowszechnianie zarządzania ekologicznego w firmach. Chociaż niewątpliwie świadomość ekologiczna przedsiębiorców wzrasta obserwuje się brak dużego zainteresowania wprowadzaniem dodatkowych systemów jak System Ekozarządzania i Audytu EMAS. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu funkcjonującego systemu zarządzania EMAS na działalność organizacji, które wdrożyły ten system. Podstawą do oceny były wyniki badań oraz przegląd literatury krajowej i zagranicznej. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują, że organizacje podejmowały się wdrożenia EMAS widząc szereg korzyści. Jednak na etapie wdrożenia wystąpiły liczne trudności, na które nie zawsze były przygotowane i które wydłużyły planowany okres wdrażania. Przeprowadzone badania mogą być podstawą opracowania nowych procedur ułatwiających wdrożenie systemów zarządzania środowiskowego w przedsiębiorstwie. Mogą stanowić cenną informacje dla różnych organizacji wspierających i upowszechniających rozwój proekologicznego zarządzania. Tematyka artykułu jest ważna i aktualna ze względu na konieczności ograniczania wpływu organizacji na środowisko i wdrażania zasad zrównoważonego rozwoju.

2

The impact of the pandemic on the functioning of business models with an example of selected family businesses

100%

Ociepa-Kubicka A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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tom z. 158

461--472

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to indicate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the functioning of business models of selected companies. The analysis of the operation and direction of changes in the business model was carried out with an example of two family businesses. Conducting research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the change in business models of companies is important due to the fact that the pandemic forced changes in the operation of many plants, which could affect the functioning of the business models adopted so far. For entrepreneurs, it is important to indicate how to modify and create business models that will work in different conditions. A good business model concept not only allows the company to gain better insight into its own business, but also allows for improvements and innovations. Design/methodology/approach: Business model analysis is based on one of the most popular business model templates, which is the Business Model Canvas. Changes in the functioning of the business model before the pandemic in 2018 and in 2021 were assessed. Nine elements of the business model were analysed, i.e. customer segments, value proposition, channels/communication, distribution, sales, customer relations, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partners, cost structure. The analysis was based on literature studies on the subject discussed and on the basis of data obtained during interviews with business owners. Findings: When analysing the examples of companies and their business model, it can be concluded that the changes in the elements of the business models of the surveyed enterprises were both quantitative and qualitative. Companies have made the most changes in the following elements: key resources, key activities, key partners, cost structure. Other elements included in the Business canvas model have only partially changed, such as customer relations. During the pandemic, another important aspect was noticed in companies, related closely to employees. The lack of an employee due to illness or the lack of a replacement for such an employee generated big problems, confusion at the level of customer relations, customer contacts, contacts with partners, timeliness of production and delivery, etc. The author proposed modifications to the existing BUSINESS CANVAS MODEL by adding the “employees” element. An analysis of this additional element in the model already at the stage of creating a business model can help new companies build a stable business model that will work in difficult situations. In crisis situations, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, employers should quickly plan the division of responsibilities in accordance with the principles of safety and prevention of infection, and make efforts to restore a normal, healthy rhythm of their company as soon as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement new strategies and additional activities to ensure the safety and productivity of people and thus build a business-resilient company. Practical implications: Implementation of a new business model modified by the author of the publication will help new companies build a stable business model that will work in difficult situations such as the pandemic. Originality/value: The research is aimed primarily at owners of family businesses. The added value to the article is an attempt to identify elements of the business model that should be paid special attention to when creating new business models. The operation of business models during the pandemic requires a broader analysis and the presented research results contribute to reducing the cognitive gap in this area. Analysis of business models of the sample companies may constitute an introduction to broader research on the creation of innovative business models that will be able to work in the rapidly changing conditions of the company's environment.

3

Antibiotics in the Environment as one of the Barriers to Sustainable Development

51%

Lach J. , Stępniak L. , Ociepa-Kubicka A.

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2018

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tom Vol. 13, nr 1

197--207

EN

The paper has analyzed the presence of antibiotics in crude (hospital, medicine production and municipal) waste water, treated waste water, surface water and drinking water across the world. The concentrations of antibiotics in medicine production waste water reached a level of up to 900 µ/dm3; in hospital waste water, up to 124 µ/dm3; and in municipal waste water, up to 64 µ/dm3. Antibiotic concentrations in treated waste water approached 260 ng/dm3. The presence of antibiotics in surface water has also been covered. The most often identified medicines were: Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, Norfloxacin, Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim. The maximum antibiotic concentrations in surface water are as high as up to 2 µg/dm3. In the majority of cases, identified antibiotics occurred in concentrations from several to several dozen ng/dm3, and less often in several hundred ng/dm3. The presence of antibiotics in drinking water, similarly as for waste water, was identified worldwide, e.g. in China, USA, Germany, Canada, France. Very high antibiotic concentrations were noted in Guangzhou, China, which reached a level of up to 679.7 ng/dm3 (Ciprofloxacin), but also in the USA (Triclosan) – 734 ng/dm3). In the majority of instances, antibiotics are present in water in much lower concentrations. The consequence of environmental contamination with antibiotics is the drug resistance of many bacterial strains with the resultant deaths of 25 000 people in the European Union and 700 000 people across the globe. The other effects of the presence of antibiotics in the natural environment are not fully understood yet. For example, carcinogenic, teratogenic or mutagenic effects are attributed to these contaminants.

PL

W pracy przeanalizowano obecność antybiotyków w ściekach surowych (szpitalnych, z produkcji leków, komunalnych), oczyszczonych, wodach powierzchniowych i wodzie pitnej na świecie. Stężenia antybiotyków analizowane w ściekach z produkcji leków dochodziły do 900 µ/dm3, w ściekach szpitalnych do 124 µ/dm3 i komunalnych do 64 µ/dm3. Stężenia antybiotyków w ściekach oczyszczonych dochodziły do 260 ng/dm3. Przedstawiono również obecność antybiotyków w wodach powierzchniowych. Najczęściej identyfikowanymi lekami były: ciprofloxacin, erytromycyna, norfloxacin, sulfamethoxazole i trimethoprim. Maksymalne stężenia antybiotyków w wodach powierzchniowych dochodzą nawet do 2 µg/dm3. W większości przypadkach identyfikowane antybiotyki występowały w ilości od kilku do kilkudziesięciu ng/dm3, rzadziej w ilości kilkuset ng/dm3. Obecność antybiotyków w wodzie pitnej jest identyfikowana, podobnie jak w przypadku ścieków na całym świecie np. w Chinach, USA, Niemczech, Kanadzie, Francji. Odnotowano bardzo wysokie stężenia antybiotyków Chinach w Guangzhou dochodzące do 679,7 ng/dm3 (ciprofloxacin ), ale również w USA (triclosan – 734 ng/dm3). W większości przypadków antybiotyki w wodach są w znacznie niższych stężeniach. Konsekwencją zanieczyszczenia środowiska antybiotykami jest lekooporność wielu szczepów bakterii i w konsekwencji coroczna śmierć 25 000 osób w Unii Europejskiej i około 700000 na całej kuli ziemskiej. Nie do końca poznane są inne skutki obecności antybiotyków w środowisku. Przypisuje się temu zanieczyszczeniu właściwości rakotwórcze, teratogenne lub mutagenne.