Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Antykomunistyczne zamieszki we Francji jako reakcja na promoskiewskie stanowisko Francuskiej Partii Komunistycznej wobec powstania węgierskiego 1956 r.

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Wenklar M.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2021

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nr 2

658-679

PL

Francuska Partia Komunistyczna (PCF) przyjęła wobec wydarzeń na Węgrzech w 1956 r. jednoznacznie promoskiewskie stanowisko, krytykując powstańców i popierając sowiecką interwencję. Wywołało to gwałtowny sprzeciw społeczny, z kulminacją 7 listopada, kiedy w trakcie zamieszek doszło do prób zdobycia i podpalenia gmachów KC PCF oraz komunistycznego dziennika „L’Humanité”. W walkach ulicznych zginęły trzy osoby, wiele zostało rannych. O ile stosunek do powstania w Budapeszcie spowodował odsunięcie się wielu intelektualistów od PCF, o tyle ataki z 7 listopada wzmocniły jedność partii, która pozostała najbardziej prosowiecka z wszystkich sił eurokomunistycznych.

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O prawie oporu i obywatelskim nieposłuszeństwie

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Wenklar M.

Horyzonty Polityki

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2011

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tom 2

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nr 3

133-148

PL

Tematem artykułu jest rozwój pojęcia prawa oporu w historii filozofii politycznej. Zaprezentowano szereg ujęć tej kwestii, od starożytnych Greków, poprzez francuskich monarchomachów, aż do J. Locke’a. Druga część zawiera krótki opis obywatelskiego nieposłuszeństwa, na przykładzie takich postaci jak H.D. Thoreau,H. Arendt, J. Rawls i inni.

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The Polish Church and the “Thaw” of 1956

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Wenklar M.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2019

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tom 9

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nr 2

PL

The process of “thaw”, developing in Poland after the death of Joseph Stalin, for a long time did not include the aspect of religious freedom. Demands to restore the possibility of free worship, teaching religious education, and, above all, the release of the Primate Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, were always present in the society, as evidenced by school strikes or slogans appearing during the Poznań events of June 1956. The changes of October 1956, initiated by the 8th plenary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party, led to an improvement in state-Church relations and implementation of the most important postulates of the Church, including the return of the Primate to Warsaw, the reinstatement of religious education in schools, and the return of chaplains to prisons and hospitals. The authorities, however, did not treat the above as part of a binding agreement. As early as in the 1957 and 1958 activities restricting the functioning of the Church began. The symbolic markings of the process were the attack on the Primate’s Institute at Jasna Góra in 1958 and the withdrawal of consent for the construction of the church in Kraków’s Nowa Huta. Finally, in 1961, religious education was removed from schools, and in 1962 a separate department of the Security Service was established for the sole purpose of the fight against religion. Although the practices of the Stalinist period did not make their comeback, the 1956 thaw appeared to be only a short episode in a constant conflict between the communist state and the Roman Catholic Church.

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Polska XX wieku, red. W. Kozub-Ciembroniewicz, B. Szlachta, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2010, ss. 338.

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Wenklar M.

Horyzonty Polityki

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2010

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tom 1

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nr 1

358-369

PL

W bieżącym roku nakładem Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego ukazała się pod redakcją Wiesława Kozuba-Ciembroniewicza i Bogdana Szlachty książka Polska XX wieku. W intencji redaktorów pozycja ta ma oferować i poszerzać wiedzę czytelnika o współczesnej Polsce. Gwarancję merytorycznego poziomu publikacji ma zaś stanowić dobór autorów, w większości uznanych pracowników naukowo-dydaktycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.

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Polacy w niemieckiej policji pomocniczej. Schutzmannschaftsbataillon 202 w świetle zeznań jego członków

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Wenklar M.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2012

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tom 34

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nr 4

35-50

EN

Schutzmannschaftsbataillon 202, the unit of the German auxiliary police, was formed at the turn of 1942. Polish volunteers, who positively responded to the announcement published in the Polish-language press concerning recruitment to the so-called navy-blue police (Polnische Polizei), were enlisted into it. From June 1942 they were trained in the area of the Waffen SS camp in Pustkow. Originally they were informed that they would serve in the precincts of the navy-blue police located in the General Government. The unit was staffed with Polish officers and non-commissioned officers but at the same time there were also German supervising officers. Overall, over 400 people participated in the training in Pustkow. After the conclusion of training, the policemen were enrolled into the German auxiliary police as the Schutzmannschaftsbataillon 202. The command was assumed by the Germans. Battalion 202 was originally used in the background of the German Army Group “Middle” on the Eastern Front. However, after a series of desertions and attempts to find contact with Soviet partisans, the unit was transferred to Volyn. Once there, the policemen were protecting Polish groups against exterminatory actions undertaken by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) and also taking part in retaliatory strikes which simply meant the pacification of Ukrainian villages. It is worth noting that the unit often found itself in conflict with Ukrainian policemen of Schutzmannschaft. Many of the above-mentioned activities were performed with indifference, ignorance or even disapproval of the unit’s German supervisors. In Volyn further desertions took place; many ex-policemen joined the Home Army (AK). In January 1944, in the face of approaching war front, the battalion which had lost the trust of the German side, was transferred to Lvov and after that, in February of the same year, to the village of Drusenheim in Alsace. After three months long stay in the backlines of the Western Front, the unit was disbanded; the policemen were transported to the General Government and separately inducted to the precincts of gendarmerie. After the Second World War the individual policemen from the Battalion 202 were prosecuted for collaborating with Germany. They were also invigilated by the Security Office (UB). The testimonies and pronouncements gathered by the UB permit us to reconstruct the history of this collaborative unit to a large degree.