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Streiks in der DDR: Ursachen, Abläufe und Ausmaß

100%

Steiner A.

nr 1

97-114

At the outset, this paper deals with the first nationwide strike in the Eastern Bloc, which took place in the GDR in June 1953, and its causes and consequences. Following this, it presents the particular problems and the possibilities for strikes during the initial post-war period and the period under the Soviet Occupation. As part of the socio-economic transformation of the Soviet occupied zone in Germany strikes were partially used in order to take action against private entrepreneurs. However, in the early 1950s strikes were called over bad working and living conditions or because the workers felt aggrieved. Hereafter, the fundamental issue of strikes within the conditions of a socialist system is: The communist party legitimized its rule as a “workers and peasants power” with the state property being seen as “people’s property” and hence workers could not go on strike against themselves. In the GDR, strikes never reached the extent of the ones in the weeks of June/July 1953. After this event until 1989, no larger scale demonstrations of workers for their rights or against the SED rule took place. Nevertheless, there were strikes; despite their differences, they showed certain characteristics and courses of action which are presented next. The numbers of people involved in strikes remained within manageable limits after 1953. Furthermore, strikes were initiated quickly and due to certain controversial subjects and therefore happened more spontaneously. Even after 1953 the subjects of the conflicts were mostly questions of wages and work norms, i.e. the income. These typical characteristics developed until the end of the 1950s and were preserved after. Nevertheless, the number of strikes changed considerably until the end of the GDR: at the beginning of the 1960s, they were still relatively high, but in the years of the economic reform declined sharply. Although numbers increased noticeably at the end of the 1960s, due to the economic crisis, strikes increasingly lost their importance throughout the 1970s and 1980s, with the numbers of participants decreasing drastically. The causes for this development are explained at the end of the paper.

Aus der Mitte beginnen – literarisches Erzählen als verkörperte Aktivität in Ulrich Peltzers Roman "Alle oder keiner"

100%

Steiner A.

2023

tom XXV/1

118-131

Ausgehend vom Programm der Naturalisierung des Geistes in den Neurowissenschaften untersucht der vorliegende Artikel am Beispiel des Romans »Alle oder keiner« von U. Peltzer wie sich der naturalistic turn auf die Produktion wie Rezeption von Literatur auswirkt. Dabei fungieren die Paradigmen der verkörperten Aktivität und die Fähigkeit zum Hervorbringen einer Welt (Varela u.a. 2013) als Schlüsselbegriffe. Gefragt wird danach, auf welche Weise sich das Konzept der Verkörperung im literarischen Text manifestiert, insbesondere in Hinsicht auf das Verhältnis der erzählenden Instanz zur erzählten Wirklichkeit. Zu diesem Zweck werden zentrale Passagen des Romans, in denen das Wahrnehmungsgeschehen des erzählenden Subjekts thematisiert wird, vor dem Hintergrund dieser Fragestellung untersucht.

Based on the programme of naturalization of the mind in neuroscience this article tends to demonstrate how the naturalistic turn affects both the production und reception of literature. Focusing on the novel “Alle oder keiner” from U. Peltzer as an example for this approach, the paradigms of embodied activity and the capacity to bring forth a world (Varela et a. 2013) function hereby as key concepts. Therefore the question is raised in which way the concept of embodiment manifests itself in specific textual structures. For this purpose, central passages of the novel, in which the narrating subject’s perception of reality is thematized, will be examined. It turns out that instead of the narrators consciousness-ego which remains enclosed in its mental inner world (old model of representation), a participatory perspective, that of the readers, is required, so that the perspective of the author writing, which otherwise remains inaccessible and thus indifferent, can be situated in an intersubjectively shared sphere of the lifeworld. Only in this extended sense the literary text can function as a syntopic space (Fuchs 2021), in which the perspectives of the author/narrator and the reader can touch or coincide. This paper is intended as part of a broader research project to complex narration (Steiner 2021), in which categories from complexity studies, cognitive literary studies and neuro, subject and media philosophy are applied to the interpretation of contemporary complex narrative texts.