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Function Words in Surnames - “Alien Bodies” in Anthroponymy (with Particular Reference to Poland)

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Walkowiak J.

Onomastica

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2017

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tom 61

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nr 1

139-151

EN

This article aims to discuss function words in surnames, such as vel, alias, de, in selected countries with European naming traditions, with particular reference to Poland. Despite the many centuries of surname evolution, such function words are still present in some contemporary surnames in Poland, and quite common in certain other regions (Spanish and Portuguese-speaking areas). In the article, surnames have been divided into two categories: the prepositional type (e.g. de, von, van, du, della), where the relationship between the conjoined name elements (usually the given name and the surname) is that of subordination, and the conjunctional type (e.g. y, e, sive, alias, vel) where the relationship between the conjoined elements (usually two surnames) is one of coordination, with the function word meaning „and” or „or”. From a grammatical perspective, however, not all function words are prepositions or conjunctions, as there are examples of closed or open compounds formed from prepositions and articles (French du, Dutch van der), as well as of participles (Latin dictus, German genannt). The paper addresses the various types of function words in surnames, outlining their genesis in some cases, as well as exploring issues that arise from their everyday use, especially in instances where two different naming cultures come into contact. Statistics on the frequency of Polish surnames (both past and present) containing function words are given. These data are also used to model the decline and eventual exctinction of function words in the Polish anthroponomasticon.

2

Współczesne polskie nazwy ulic motywowane toponimami przejściowymi

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Walkowiak J.

Onomastica

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2021

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tom 65

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nr 1

307-325

EN

The aim of the article is to present and discuss contemporary street names motivated by transitional (pre-commission) names of places in the so-called Recovered Territories (Ziemie Odzyskane) in Poland. The latter names were often created spontaneously directly after the Second World War by the first settlers to the area, typically existed for a short time only, and usually in a few years gave way to the names finally approved by the Commission for the Determination of Place Names (KUNM). However, not all the hodonyms created from such transitional placenames in the first post-war years have been changed to this day. Thus, these hodonyms constitute a non-obvious relic of spontaneous post-war place naming.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i omówienie współczesnych plateonimów (nazw ulic) motywowanych powojennymi nazwami przejściowymi (przedkomisyjnymi) na tzw. Ziemiach Odzyskanych. Nazwy te były często wynikiem spontanicznych aktów kreacji dokonywanych przez pierwszych osadników i z reguły funkcjonowały oficjalnie jedynie przez krótki czas (choć ich nieformalny żywot bywał dłuższy), ustępując nazwom ustalonym przez Komisję Ustalania Nazw Miejscowości przy Ministerstwie Administracji Publicznej (KUNM). Jednak do dziś nie znikły niektóre motywowane nimi plateonimy, stając się w ten sposób nieoczywistymi pamiątkami pierwszych lat po wojnie. W ekscerpcji wspomnianych plateonimów pomocne były rozmaite opracowania naukowe zawierające spisy nazw przejściowych; istnienie potencjalnie motywowanych nimi nazw ulic weryfikowano następnie indywidualnie w bazie TERYT. Ponadto sprawdzano lokalizację danej ulicy na mapie, jako że kierunkowy charakter ulicy bądź jej przynależność do gniazda nazewniczego motywowanego nazwami miejscowości na Ziemiach Odzyskanych stanowił dodatkowy argument przemawiający za włączeniem nazwy do analizowanego zbioru. Ogółem udało się odnaleźć 85 współcześnie używanych nazw ulic motywowanych toponimami przedkomisyjnymi i zdokumentować w artykule ich genezę. Ponad połowa z nich zlokalizowana jest na Dolnym Śląsku, głównie we Wrocławiu. Ustalono również, że poza obszarem Ziem Odzyskanych poszukiwane plateonimy występują jedynie sporadycznie.

3

Współczesne nazwiska Polaków o możliwej genezie litewskiej nieobecne w LPŽ, poświadczone w kartotece antroponimicznej LKI

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Walkowiak J.

Onomastica

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2020

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tom 64

211-228

EN

The aim of the article is to present the attestations of contemporary Polish surnames of Lithuanian origin which are absent from the dictionary of Lithuanian surnames (“Lietuvių pavardžių žodynas”, LPŽ), excerpted from the anthroponymic index card files that have been stored in the Lithuanian Language Institute in Vilnius and continually enlarged for several decades now. The files contain data excerpted from historical sources of the 16th to 19th centuries and consist of about 200,000 index cards (the actual number of excerpted anthroponyms is lower since some recur in various sources). Due to space limitations, generally only directly attested names have been included in the article, to the exclusion of those whose relationship with the researched name can be inferred rather than considered proven. Each listed attestation of an anthroponym (probably not in all cases an already established hereditary surname) is accompanied by information concerning its location and year (or time bracket), wherever available in the card index file. Given names or other details (e.g. the role of the person mentioned in documents, such as godmother in the data excerpted from baptismal registers) have only been included occasionally, if there was some reason to do so.

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The Stage Names of Polish Interwar Artists

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Walkowiak J.

Onomastica

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2018

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tom 62

225-241

EN

Many performing artists in the interwar period in Poland assumed stage names, which were considered a tool of promoting one’s image, but also served other functions, such as the concealment of identity. Over two hundred such pseudonyms - together with the respective artists’ birth names - have been collected and analysed in the article. Approximately in the case of half of them was the original given name retained, and only the surname underwent a change. The comparison of the assumed names with the real ones shows that many names were shortened, and/or made to sound foreign or exotic. Minority surnames - Jewish/German, Russian, Ukrainian - were frequently made to sound Polish, while the Polish ones were foreignised (to make them look English, Italian, French) or vaguely exoticised.

5

The “Mysterious” Kazlauskas: Exploring Lithuania’s Most Frequent Surname

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Walkowiak J.

Onomastica

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2016

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tom 60

175-186

EN

The article presents the most frequent surname in Lithuania - Kazlauskas. Referring to the article “Mysterious Lewandowski” by K. Skowronek (2000), an attempt has been made to account for this frequency in three various ways. First, the principles behind the quantitative structure of anthroponomasticons (Zipf’s law) and the loss of surnames (genetic drift) are discussed. Then the Slavic origin of the surname under consideration has been highlighted as a typical trait of the majority of surnames in Lithuania. In connection with this fact, it has been stressed that caution must be exercised in proposing a thesis on its origin as a translation from Lithuanian on a mass scale, since this thesis requires plentiful empirical evidence. Finally, the etymology of the name is analyzed. Morphologically it is a typical surname derived from a toponym. This supposition is additionally supported by the existence in Poland of numerous localities called Kozłów, Kozłowo or similar name; these in turn are most likely to have been derived from appellative-based personal names of their owners or inhabitants, such as Kozieł.

6

Od Katažiny do Edvina, czyli o imionach Polaków współcześnie używanych na Litwie

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Walkowiak J.

Onomastica

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2015

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tom 59

153-168

EN

The article presents the names bestowed on Polish children in Lithuania after 1990, a topic which merited little scholarly attention to date. First, by way of introduction, the specific Lithuanised written forms of these names are described and compared with their standard Polish and Lithuanian equivalents. The naming trends are then analysed on the basis of three sets of data: the top ten male and female names among Lithuanian Poles (as compared with those in Lithuania and in Poland) in the years 1991, 2000, 2010 and 2013; the names of 1284 students, all born after 1990, from fifteen Polish-language schools in Lithuania; finally, the names given in the years 1991–2011 to children in the municipality of Salčininkai (Soleczniki), where the percentage of Poles is the highest in Lithuania. Interviews with members of the Polish minority in Lithuania, focusing on naming issues, have also been used for fact-finding. The research shows that the name choices of Poles in Lithuania are becoming increasingly different from those in Poland, yet not exactly convergent with Lithuanian trends. Poles almost never use names of Lithuanian origin and prefer instead simple names, not necessarily of Polish origin, that look in writing almost the same in Polish and in Lithuanian. Especially striking among these are Germanic names, such as Edward, Ernest, Eryka, Greta, never particularly popular in Poland.

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Seminarium naukowe „Prechyľovanie: áno - nie?” (Bratysława,9 II 2016)

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Walkowiak J.

Onomastica

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2016

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tom 60

459-461