A novel optical sensor has been designed and developed to measure light through water samples for the retrieval of total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations. Light-emitting diodes (LED) were used as light sources of this sensor. In case 1, light was transmitted through the sample when the angle between light source and photodiode was 180°, and for case 2, light was scattered by small particles in the sample when the angle between light source and photodiode was 90°. An algorithm equation was developed and used to determine the relationship between measured TSS and predicted TSS.
The northeast monsoon season (NEMS), which occurs between November and March every year, brings heavy rains and strong wind to the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Large sediment resuspension during this season is caused by high waves and river discharge carried by the river to the sea. Sediment is defined in this research as both organic and inorganic materials. Remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) of the Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 667 nm channel is used in this study as a Total Suspended Sediment (TSS) index. The data was acquired from Aqua satellite with 9 km resolution. The study was conducted along the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia over the period of 2002-2012. The result shows that TSS along the Peninsular Malaysia coastline and the river mouth is highly seasonal. The highest TSS is observed during NEMS with the peak value in November-December every year.
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