A novel disazo reactive dye of a temporarily high molecular structure containing disulphide bis(ethylsulphone-monochlorotriazine) reactive system has been synthesised and applied to cotton. By virtue of the characteristic disazo disulphide bis(ethylsulphone) dye structure, a good substantivity was observed at the neutral exhaust dyeing conditions. Subsequently, the results assessed for the alkaline dyeing conditions indicate that the dye vinylsulphone-monochlorotriazine reactive system confers a high fixation efficiency for this type of disazo reactive dye. The results also indicate that the high fastness properties were obtained.
A heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime with DNA and recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) vectors expressing relevant antigens has been shown to induce effective immune responses against several infectious pathogens. In this study, we describe the effectiveness of the prime-boost strategy by immunizing dogs with a recombinant plasmid followed by vaccinia virus, both of which expressed the glutamic acid-rich protein (BgGARP) of Babesia gibsoni. The dogs immunized with the prime-boost regime developed a significantly high level of specific antibodies against BgGARP when compared with the control groups. The antibody level was strongly increased after a booster immunization with a recombinant vaccinia virus. Two weeks after the booster immunization with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing BgGARP, the dogs were challenged with B. gibsoni parasite. The dogs immunized with the prime-boost regime showed partial protection, manifested as a significantly low level of parasitemia. These results indicated that this type of DNA/rvv prime-boost immunization approach may have use against B. gibsoni infection in dogs.
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