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nr 8
91-115
PL
Analiza wyników badań epidemiologicznych pozwala stwierdzić wzrost częstości zachorowań na depresje. Trzeba też mieć świadomość istnienia osób, które znajdują się na pograniczu depresji a także tych, którzy z różnych powodów nie będą nigdy zdiagnozowani a są osobami chorymi. Depresja znacząco obniża jakość życia chorych i ma poważne konsekwencje zdrowotne. Dodatkowo jest to poważny problem społeczny, który wiąże się ze skutkami psychologicznymi dla otoczenia chorego oraz rosnącymi kosztami leczenia depresji. Opis depresji jest złożony, wiąże się z czynnikami psychospołecznymi, pojawia się wiele modeli depresji i sposobów radzenia sobie z chorobą. Wzrost wiedzy na temat depresji może przyczynić się do wcześniejszego diagnozowania a w określonych sytuacjach do zapobiegania chorobie. Model depresji przedstawiony w teorii analizy transakcyjnej jest przydatny w opisie i zrozumieniu problemów depresyjnych. Specyficzny język analiz transakcyjnej przydatny jest w procesie edukacyjnym, pozwala też na analizę zjawiska poprzez rozpoznawanie specyficznych zachowań i wypowiedzi. Język ten można wykorzystać w analizie mediów społecznościowych, które od pewnego czasu są odbiciem problemów realnego życia.
EN
The analysis of epidemiological studies shows an increase in the number of people suffering from depression. One should also take into account those on the brink of depression and those who, for various reasons, will never be diagnosed but are ill. Depression has a detrimental effect on patients’ quality of life and poses a threat to one’s health. Additionally, it is a serious social issue that is linked with psychological consequences for a given patient’s environment and growing costs of depression treatment. The description of depression is complex and regards psycho-social factors. There are many models of depression and ways of dealing with it. The growth of knowledge about depression might contribute to early diagnosing and, in particular situations, it might prevent the illness. The model of depression presented in the theory of transactional analysis is useful in describing and understanding issues concerning depression. The specific language of transactional analysis is useful in the educational process, it also allows for analysing the phenomenon by identifying particular behaviour and utterances. This language can be used for the analysis of social media which have been reflecting real-life problems for some time.
4
Content available remote Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a new bridged immunosuppressor.
45%
EN
A bridged peptide with the sequence: H-Thr-Pro-Gln-Arg-Gly-Asp-Val-γ-Abu-Asn-Asp-Gln-Glu-Glu-Thr-Thr-Gly-Val-Val-Ser-Thr-Pro-Leu-Ile-Arg-Asn-Gly-OH was designed to mimic the discontinuous epitope of the HLA-DQ molecule that might interact with CD4. The bridged peptide revealed distinct suppressory effect in the humoral immune response. This result supports our suggestion that the 164-172 region of the HLA-DQ molecule may enhance its interactions with coreceptors, possibly with CD4.
5
Content available remote On the peptide-antipeptide interactions in interleukin-1 receptor system.
38%
EN
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and vaccinia virus protein C10L share a VTXFYF motif, with X being Lys or Arg residue, respectively. Peptides of such sequence compete successfully with IL-1 for the cellular receptor. A pair of complementary peptides, based on the Siemion's hypothesis on the periodicity of the genetic code (QWLNIN and QWANIN), and another pair, in which, following the Root- Bernstein theory, Lys was used as complementary amino acid to Phe (QWLKIK and QWAKIK), were investigated for the peptide-antipeptide interactions using mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and circular dichroism (CD) methods. The CD measurements indicated some conformational changes, more pronounced in the Siemion's pairs, however, no heterodimer formation was found by MS. In the region of IL-1 receptor situated close to the position of IL-1Ra in the IL-1Ra-receptor complex, a KQKL motif is present, suggesting a possibility of complementary recognition of the Root-Bernstein type in the IL-1 receptor. The biological activity of the complementary peptides is similar to that of the original ones. They efficiently compete with IL-1 and show moderate immunosuppressory activity in humoral and cellular immune response. The inhibition of the IL-1-IL-1 receptor interaction may result from the complementary peptides acting as mini-receptors with affinity for IL-1.
EN
Translation initiation factor eIF4E binds the m7G cap of eukaryotic mRNAs and mediates recruitment of mRNA to the ribosome during cap-dependent translation initiation. This event is the rate-limiting step of translation and a major target for translational control. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, about 70% of genes express mRNAs with an unusual cap structure containing m32,2,7G, which is poorly recognized by mammalian eIF4E. C. elegans expresses five isoforms of eIF4E (IFE-1, IFE-2, etc.). Three of these (IFE-3, IFE-4 and IFE-5) were investigated by means of spectroscopy and structural modelling based on mouse eIF4E bound to m7GDP. Intrinsic fluorescence quenching of Trp residues in the IFEs by iodide ions indicated structural differences between the apo and m7G cap bound proteins. Fluorescence quenching by selected cap analogues showed that only IFE-5 forms specific complexes with both m7G- and m32,2,7G-containing caps (Kas 2×106 M-1 to 7×106 M-1) whereas IFE-3 and IFE-4 discriminated strongly in favor of m7G-containing caps. These spectroscopic results quantitatively confirm earlier qualitative data derived from affinity chromatography. The dependence of Kas on pH indicated optimal cap binding of IFE-3, IFE-4 and IFE-5 at pH 7.2, lower by 0.4 pH units than that of eIF4E from human erythrocytes. These results provide insight into the molecular mechanism of recognition of structurally different caps by the highly homologous IFEs.
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