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Myths and Facts Concerning Labour Costs in Poland

100%

Krajewska A. , Krajewski S.

nr 1

19-36

Many opinions have been expressed for years concerning labour costs in Poland. Unsurprisingly, those opinions have been far from consensus. Basically, low wages are treated as a factor increasing the competitiveness of our economy and it is argued that they constitute major proof that Poland is attractive for foreign investors. On the other hand, however, entrepreneurs and various organisations representing them have repeatedly pointed out that high labour costs in Poland are the principal cause of unemployment, growth of grey economy, and low competitiveness of the country's economy. The above problems assumed particular significance after Poland's accession to the European Union. Basing on statistical data and empirical research we try to verify some myths concerning the labour costs in Poland.

Wprowadzenie

100%

Krajewski S. , Stępniak-Kucharska A. , Łódzki U.

tom 208

Reforms in Poland – Opinions And Facts

100%

Krajewski S. , Osiecka K.

tom 13

nr 3

245-264

In this paper we show that all attempts at major economic reforms introduced in Poland since the 1980s have incurred negative reactions on the part of large social groups (strikes, lack of support for the political forces which prepared and introduced reforms). We try to determine if such reactions are justified and whether there are serious arguments for them. We come to the conclusion that there were serious reasons for distrust and dislike of reforms. The main one involves the discrepancy between the declared goals and the assumed effects of reforms, and the actual effects felt by the public. Two issues will be presented: 1) to what extent are social feelings influenced by the demanding attitude of the public and its immaturity, which impede understanding of the need to reform the economy, 2) the inability of political elites to correctly formulate goals, identify the means of their implementation, and act effectively. The experience so far has made the political elites less and less interested in introducing serious reforms, which is manifested in the preference for a policy of providing basic utilities or relying on economic programs on the budgetary revenue generated by rising taxation.

Is the Minimum Wage Detrimental to the Economy?

100%

Krajewska A. , Krajewski S.

tom 8

nr 4

317-330

The minimum wage in Poland is relatively low. It amounts only 1,600 PLN in 2013. Therefore, it is no surprise that the trade unions have been making efforts to have it raised to the level of 50% of the average salary. However, this has been met with staunch resistance from employers. The liberal model of the economy, which dominates in Poland, favours employers. Moreover, the attitude of the government, politicians, the media, as well as many scientists towards this is not favourable. These are the objections usually raised against the increase of minimum wage: - raising the minimum wage entails unemployment growth; - an increase in the minimum wage entails an increase in the average pay, with a consequent increase in the inflation rate; - the amount of the minimum wage and its growth rate is frequently the basis for an index-linked pay increase in the budget institutions and some social benefits, which results in an increase in fixed budget spending, which is not justified economically; - the minimum wage level, regarded by employers as too high, results in the practice of paying workers outside the official payroll, thereby extending the grey area; - an increase in the minimum wage is a threat to businesses, especially to micro-enterprises, which operate on the brink of insolvency and may face bankruptcy; - an increase in the minimum wage raises the cost of labour and makes businesses less competitive. This paper, in its later part, provides arguments against the allegations. There is a one-sided view of the issue of the minimum wage in Poland. Wages are regarded exclusively as an element of the cost of labour and, as such, they should not increase as this is detrimental to entrepreneurs and to the economy. Such analyses disregard the social and economic (in a broad context) aspects of having a minimum wage.

Wstęp

100%

Krajewski S. , Stępniak-Kucharska A.