Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Poszukiwania nowych zasobów surowców w układzie słonecznym

100%

Łuszczek K.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Górnictwa Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Studia i Materiały

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2011

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tom Vol. 133, nr 40

85-94

PL

W artykule wskazano potencjalne miejsca poszukiwania nowych złóż surowców w Układzie Słonecznym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pasa planetoid. Przedstawiono zalety pasa planetoid oraz źródła informacji o znajdujących się w nim ciałach. Analizowano skład chondrytów zwyczajnych, grupy meteorytów pochodzących z planetoid, w celu określenia zawartości platynowców. Wysoka koncentracja tych metali na poziomie 8-21 ppm odpowiada zawartości platynowców w obecnie eksploatowanych złożach (3,8-22,0 ppm). Przyjmując, że planetoidy zbudowane są ze skał odpowiadających składem chondrytom zwyczajnym, oszacowano potencjalne zasoby platynowców pochodzących z przykładowych planetoid. Obliczono także czas na który wystarczyłyby te zasoby, przy założeniu obecnego zapotrzebowania na metale z grupy platyny.

EN

In this article, the prospective places of finding new natural resources in the Solar System are shown with great stress placed on the asteroid belt. The advantages of and the sources of information about asteroids are described. Based on the composition of ordinary chondrites, groups of meteorites originated from asteroids, the Platinum Group Metal content is determined. High concentration of these metals (8-21 ppm) corresponds with the PGM content in today's mining deposits (3.8-22.0 ppm). Assuming that asteroids are parent bodies of ordinary chondrites and both have the same chemical composition, the possible resources from asteroids are estimated. Knowing today's demand for PGM, the time of utilization of these reserves is calculated.

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Pedagogiczne aspekty uczestnictwa dzieci i młodzieży w serwisach społecznościowych

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Łuszczek K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Studia Informatica / Uniwersytet Szczeciński

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2011

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tom Nr 28

129--148

EN

Children and youth are particularly sensitive to acceptance in group and searching for friends. Web-based community services perfectly enter into this demand. The first decade of the new century has become a witness of unusual growth of the communication of that type in network. However, children and youth have much smaller experience in the formation of interpersonal relations than their parents and teachers. Therefore, they are more exposed to negative behaviours on web-based community services. First of all, this is cyber-violence, sexual harassment and disclosure of personal information. Young man participating in web-based community services requires appropriate support to not have negative consequences brought by it for his / her development. This is being achieved by public control that is accomplished at the state, civic and parental level. In particular, actions on the side of parents may have a high level of effectiveness. Educational strategies being accomplished by them may most efficiently prepare young people to participation in the world of Internet.

3

Potential importance of metallic resources of ordinary chondrite parent bodies

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Łuszczek K.

Mining Science

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2018

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tom Vol. 25

57--69

EN

Demand for metallic resources constantly increases along with technological development. One of the factors that currently raises requests for resources is extensive space exploration. Especially, the exploration that involves space colonization creates the needs for resources not only on the Earth but also on other bodies in the Solar System. For instance, resources will be required for building bases and settlements or spare parts to machines, devices and space shuttles. The high transportation costs make launching them from our planet ineffective. New and attractive places for prospecting the resources in our Solar System are bodies located in the asteroid belt, namely parent bodies of ordinary chondrites. The goal of this paper is a review of scientific and economic aspects of extraterrestrial resources associated with such bodies. Studies of meteorites combined with scientific achievements of current space mission significantly improved our understanding of the origin, structure as well as chemical and mineral composition of these bodies and processes that affected them. This knowledge is used in XXI century to set up companies aiming at asteroid mining, or production of fuel and spare pieces in space. Additionally, owing to the fact that some asteroids are on collisional course with our planet, possibilities arise for resource utilization by deflection of hazardous asteroids and setting them on circumterrestrial or circummoon orbits.

4

Wyniki badań mineralogicznych i petrologicznych nowych okazów meteorytu Pułtusk w 150 rocznicę spadku

63%

Przylibski T. A. , Łuszczek K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2018

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tom Vol. 66, nr 6

368--378

EN

One of the largest observed stone meteorite shower in the history of mankind on Earth took place on Thursday evening on January 30, 1868, about seven o’clock near Pułtusk in Poland. Despite the 150th anniversary of the fall of chondrite officially classified as Pułtusk H5 with a shock stage S3 there is still little published data on the chemical composition of minerals of this chondrite as well as its petrological characteristics in the literature. The authors carried out mineralogical and petrological research that will help a little to fill this gap in knowledge about the Pułtusk chondrite. Meteorite specimens found by Piotr Kuś in 2015 and investigated by the authors are undoubtedly part of the Pułtusk fall of January 30, 1868. They can be classified as ordinary chondrite H5, S2,W2. The authors stated that the studied rock is characterized by a varied shock level -from S1 to S2/3, as well as it contains chondrules of the chromite-plagioclase unequilibrated rock. In the composition of the examined fragment of Pułtusk chondrite, the authors identified silicates: olivine, diopside, bronzite and clinohyperstene, and oligoclase, oxides: chromite (and spinel), sulfides: troilite, FeNi alloy mineral phases: kamacite and taenite, as well as phosphates: merrilite and apatite. The chemical composition of olivine crystals as well as low- and high-Ca pyroxenes crystals and plagioclase crystals (about the composition of oligoclase) confirms that the examined specimen comes from the Pułtusk fall and it is a rock that should be classified as a petrographic type H5.

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Bulk chemical composition of Sołtmany chondrite

63%

Przylibski T. A. , Łuszczek K.

Meteorites

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2012

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tom Vol. 2, No. 1-2

31--37

EN

The authors examined the bulk chemical composition of the Sołtmany chondrite which fell on April 30th, 2011 in Northern Poland. Based on the analysis of 47 elements, it was concluded that Sołtmany is representative of L-type of ordinary chondrites. However, compared to the average values observed in other L-type ordinary chondrites, Sołtmany displays higher content of Ni, P, Cd, Pb, and As. The Ni and P content closely resembles typical values for H-type ordinary chondrites. Furthermore, Sołtmany displays other distinct properties including very low Zn content and lower contents of Mo and Zr than the average values found in other L-type ordinary chondrites. Consistent with other L-type ordinary chondrites, the absolute content of REE in Sołtmany is higher than that of CI-type carbonaceous chondrites while the REE trend lines for both Sołtmany and CI-chondrites are similar. Due to similar times of year of when both falls took place and the proximity of their strewn fields, the chemical composition of Sołtmany was compared with that of Jesenice, an L6 ordinary chondrite which fell on April 9th, 2009 in Europe. The analysis led to a conclusion that Sołtmany and Jesenice are not launch-paired. Nevertheless, even though they do not represent fragments of the same meteoroid, their origin on a common parent body (an asteroid – planetesimal) cannot be conclusively ruled out on the sole basis of their bulk chemical composition.

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Wpływ procesu ozonowania na skuteczność działania filtrów węglowych

51%

Balcerzak W. , Kułakowski P. , Łuszczek K.

Ochrona Środowiska

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2005

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tom R. 27, nr 3

57-60

PL

W pracy omówiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych na stacji pilotowej, zlokalizowanej w zakładzie oczyszczania wody "Rudawa", zaopatrującej Kraków w wodę wodociągową. Celem badań było określenie optymalnego miejsca zastosowania procesu ozonowania w ciągu technologicznym zakładu wodociągowego Rudawa. Badania przeprowadzono w dwóch układach: układ badawczy I obejmował procesy ozonowania, filtracji na złożu piaskowym i filtracji na złożu węglowym, natomiast układ badawczy II obejmował procesy filtracji na złożu piaskowym, ozonowania i filtracji na złożu węglowym. Obydwa układy zasilane były wodą po procesach koagulacji i sedymentacji w układzie technologicznym stacji Rudawa. Analiza uzyskanych wyników nie wykazała różnic pomiędzy stosowaniem procesu ozonowania w układzie przed złożami piaskowymi i przed złożami węglowymi. W obydwu wypadkach uzyskano podobną końcową skuteczność oczyszczania wody. Optymalna dawka ozonu, dla której uzyskano wysoki stopień zmniejszenia analizowanych wskaźników wahała się w zakresie 0,9÷1,1 gO3/m3. Zastosowanie ozonowania, niezależnie od przyjętego układu, pozwoliło na poprawę skuteczności oczyszczania wody w wypadku absorbancji w UV o około 20%, a w wypadku barwy o około 25%. Ponadto wykazano, że proces ozonowania prowadził do zwiększenia zawartości aldehydów w wodzie o kilkanaście procent, co może być interpretowane jako wynik rozkładu związków organicznych o złożonej budowie do związków prostszych, na przykład niskocząsteczkowych kwasów organicznych.

EN

The investigations were carried out at the pilot station of the Water Treatment Plant "Rudawa" supplying tap water to the city of Cracow. The aim of the study was to establish in which part of the treatment train the ozonation process should be included. In the experiments use was made of two systems. In one of these, ozonation was performed prior to sand filtration and active carbon filtration, while in the other one ozonation was carried out after sand filtration and was followed by filtration through an active carbon bed. Both systems were fed with water treated by coagulation and sedimentation according to the treatment train used in the Water Treatment Plant "Rudawa". The study produced the following findings: regardless of whether ozonation was conducted before the sand filter or the carbon filter the final treatment efficiencies were similar. The ozone dose yielding the highest extent of pollutant removal ranged between 0.9 and 1.1 gO3/m3. With both systems, treatment efficiency was enhanced by about 20% and about 25% for UV absorbance and color matter, respectively. The ozonation process accounted for a rise in the aldehydes content by over 10%. This may be interpreted as being due to the decomposition of organic compounds from complex into simpler structures, e.g. into low-molecular-weight organic acids.

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Primitive enstatite achondrites

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Pilski A. S. , Przylibski T. A. , Łuszczek K.

Meteorites

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2011

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tom Vol. 0, No. 0

9-21

EN

Conclusions drawn from the breadth of analytical data on primitive achondrites and enstatite chondrites paired with results of research performed by the authors have led the authors to propose the establishing of a new group of meteorites: primitive enstatite achondrites. The group is defined as the residual remaining after the partial melting of their protolith, which, in the case of primitive enstatite achondrites, is the parent body of enstatite chondrites. In this article are characterized textural features and characteristics of their mineral, chemical, and isotopic composition. The most important of these defining features are the presence of relic chondrules and/or triple junctions of crystal faces, as well as characteristic atomic and molar ratios of main elements: Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Mn and Ca, and particularly the molar ratios Fe/Mn and Fe/Mg. Another important characteristic is the isotopic composition of entrained noble gases, especially ratios of the heaviest of the isotopes and oxygen isotopes, whose values should be close to that typical for enstatite chondrites. It seems likely that the first meteorite to be classified as primitive enstatite achondrite will be the Zakłodzie enstatite achondrite.

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Cosmogenic and radiogenic noble gases in the Sołtmany L6 chondrite

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Łuszczek K. , Dalcher N. , Leya I.

Meteorites

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2012

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tom Vol. 2, No. 1-2

39--43

EN

We measured the concentrations and isotopic compositions of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe in a 60.36 mg sample of the Sołtmany meteorite (L6), which fell in northeastern Poland in 2011. The Kr and Xe data suggest a mixture of atmospheric contamination and Q. Using cosmogenic 21Ne and 38Ar concentrations, Sołtmany’s cosmic-ray exposure (CRE) age was determined to be ~29.2 Ma. The preatmospheric radius for Sołtmany was equal to or less than approximately 15 cm and the sample studied here most likely came from close to the preatmospheric surface of the meteoroid. While the 40Ar gas retention age is about 4137 Ma, the 4He gas retention age is 1610 Ma, suggesting loss of a major 4He fraction likely during an impact and/or degassing event on the Sołtmany parent body prior to the ejection of the Sołtmany meteorite ~29.2 Ma ago.

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Zawartość minerałów FeNi w chondrytach H jako wskaźnik zasobności pozaziemskich skał rudonośnych w wybrane metale

51%

Blutstein K. , Przylibski T. A. , Łuszczek K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2018

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tom Vol. 66, nr 12

776--784

EN

Extraterrestrial resources should be the basic sources of materials for the development of humankind civilization in space as well as they could replace the Earth’s resources when they would be exhausted. They can be obtained from the planets, their moons or asteroids, primarily NEOs but also from the asteroid belt. This article presents the results of petrographic research on the content of FeNi minerals whose may be a source of iron and nickel, in H type ordinary chondrites: Pułtusk, Cher- gach, Tamdakht, Gao-Guenie andNWA 4555, which parent body is probably the 6Hebe. The results confirm that the volumetric abundance of FeNi minerals in H type chondrites is ca. 8%. Moreover, this study shows the reliability of the reflected-light optical microscopy for determination of ore mineral concentrations in extraterrestrial rocks with weathering grade W0. Taking into account the homogenous spatial distribution of metallic grains (proved by author’s microscopic observations) and knowing the amount of FeNi minerals in rocks with Hchondrite composition, the amount of potential FeNi resources on Hparent bodies can be calculated. It was estimated that the iron resources from Hebe’s FeNi minerals would cover 1.3 million years of terrestrial mining production whereas nickel resources would last for approx. 100 milion years. A small NEO asteroid like (143624) 2003 HM16 (2 km in diameter) has resources comparable with 15 months of mining iron production and over 100 years of nickel production at present rate.

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Northwest Africa 7915: A New approved LL5 chondrite from Morocco

38%

Brawata M. , Kryza R. , Jakubowski T. , Przylibski T. A. , Ćwiąkalski J. , Łuszczek K.

Meteorites

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2014

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tom Vol. 3, No. 1-2

45--58

EN

A 415 g single meteorite was purchased in 2010 by T. Jakubowski from a dealer in Morocco. The meteorite was isometric in shape, ca. 8 cm in size, with distinct regmaglypts on the original ablated surface, and covered mostly in primary crust with one broken surface. The weight of the sample studied was 69 g. The meteorite is composed of several types of chondrules including porphyritic-Ol-Px, barred-Ol, radial-Px, granular and cryptocrystalline with distinct and diffused (not sharp) boundaries, and opaque grains and aggregates, enclosed in a very fine-grained matrix. The average compositions of minerals are: olivine (both in chondrules and matrix) − Fo70.4Fa29.1Te0.5, pyroxenes, represented by Mg-Fe (Ca-poor) orthopyroxene (and minor clinopyroxene?) − En73.9Fs24.1Wo2.0, feldspars (small in the matrix and in barred chondrules), with An12-37, and Or~3-4, taenite − Fe 70.80, Ni 25.50 and Co 1.67 wt. %, troilite − Fe0.98S1.00, chromite (Fe2+ 0.96Mg0.12Mn0.01Zn0.01) (Cr1.52Al0.23Fe3+ 0.02Ti0.10Si0.02)O4; altered accessory minerals including apatite and iron-rich secondary phases have also been identified and analyzed. The meteorite is of petrologic type 5, as evidenced by the observed recrystallization of the matrix, relatively good preservation of the chondrule structures, homogeneous composition of olivine and pyroxene, and the presence of only secondary small feldspar grains. The shock stage, S2, is based on the presence of undulatory extinction and irregular fractures in olivine crystals. The weathering grade, W3, is confirmed by the observation that kamacite is totally altered into secondary iron phases, whereas Nirich taenite, and troilite are only partly weathered. The specimen shows many bulk- and mineral-chemical parameters corresponding, mostly, to the LL chondrite group (e.g., Fe/SiO2 0.49, SiO2/MgO 1.62, Fa in olivine 29.05). However, concentrations of several other elements, including REE, are not fully consistent with the average values for the LL ordinary chondrites. Apparently, the parent body of the studied NWA 7915 meteorite was depleted in Dy, Tm, and Yb, compared to typical LL-type ordinary chondrite parent bodies. Also, relatively high concentrations of other elements, including Ba and Sr, have been measured, which may result from terrestrial weathering in hot desert conditions. The meteorite has been classified as LL5 ordinary chondrite, S2, W3, and registered in the Meteoritical Society database as NWA 7915. The type specimen is deposited in the Mineralogical Museum of the University of Wrocław.