The aim of the study was to find relationships between resource loss treated as a stress indicator, coping, alcohol expectancies and drinking in college students. Results of a group of 125 first and second year students showed that there was a strong relationship between alcohol consumption and expectancies connected with alcohol. Some coping forms were also related to drinking but no relationship was found for resource loss.
Emotion may be treated as a special sort of message considering that communicative function is one of the basic functions of emotion. Moreover emotion serves as a message in two ways. In one way facial expression of emotion is a message to other participants of social interaction that contains information about the emotional state of the subject and thus plays important interpersonal role. It shows the subject’s personal attitude and amplifies verbal messages or makes them more credible. Numerous empirical studies show that processes of generating and perceiving of facial expressions of emotions are autonomic and specific. In the other way emotion is an internal message containing information about the significance of events or thoughts and thus helping in making choices or taking decissions.
The aim of the study was to verify the model of coping actions according to which four types of coping may be distinguished: assertive, avoidant, adjusting and relaxing. A group of 62 subjects aged 25 to 50 were asked questions concerning recently experienced stressful event, stress intensity, coping actions and the outcome of the event. Answers concerning coping were classified independently by three judges to one of four categories proposed in the model. High index of agreement between three judges was assumed to be the criterion of the positive verification of the classification. Results show high level of agreement between the three independent judges, especially in case of assertive and relaxing coping actions which were also the most frequent in the group.
Defi cits in recognition of facial expressions of emotions are considered to be an important factor explaining impairments in social functioning and affective reactions of schizophrenic patients. Many studies confi rmed such defi cits while controversies remained concerning the emotion valence and modality. The aim of the study was to explore the process of recognizing facial expressions of emotion in the group of schizophrenic patients by analyzing the role of emotion valence, modality and gender of the model. Results of the group of 35 patients and 35 matched controls indicate that while schizophrenic patients show general impairment in recognizing facial expressions of both positive and the majority of negative emotions, there are differences in defi cits for particular emotions. Expressions also appeared to be more ambiguous for the patients while variables connected with gender were found less signifi cant.
Defi cits in recognition of facial expressions of emotions are considered to be an important factor explaining impairments in social functioning and affective reactions of schizophrenic patients. Many studies confi rmed such defi cits while controversies remained concerning the emotion valence and modality. The aim of the study was to explore the process of recognizing facial expressions of emotion in the group of schizophrenic patients by analyzing the role of emotion valence, modality and gender of the model. Results of the group of 35 patients and 35 matched controls indicate that while schizophrenic patients show general impairment in recognizing facial expressions of both positive and the majority of negative emotions, there are differences in defi cits for particular emotions. Expressions also appeared to be more ambiguous for the patients while variables connected with gender were found less signifi cant.
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