Przedstawiono krytyczną ocenę argumentów wskazywanych jako uzasadnienie konieczności budowy stopnia Niepołomice na Wiśle: potrzebę przedłużenia szlaku żeglugowego górnej Wisły, zapewnienie stateczności stopnia Przewóz i poprawę stosunków wodnych w obrębie północnych fragmentów Puszczy Niepołomickiej. Wskazano na możliwość zastosowania tańszych i skuteczniejszych sposobów zahamowania erozji dennej górnej Wisły. Zwrócono uwagę na zagrożenia środowiskowe planowanego stopnia Niepołomice, na zmiany wielkości retencji korytowej wód powodziowych Wisły oraz na problemy związane z koniecznością spełnienia środowiskowego celu Ramowej Dyrektywy Wodnej.
EN
The article presents a critical assessment of arguments used as justification for the necessity to build the Niepołomice barrage on Vistula: the need to extend the upper Vistula shipping route, ensure stability of the Przewóz barrage and improve water conditions in the area of the northern Niepołomicka Forest. It indicates a possibility to use less expensive and more effective methods in order to stop the bottom erosion of upper Vistula. The authors also draw attention to ecological threats of the planned Niepołomice barrage, changes in the size of the flood riverbed retention of Vistula and problems related to the necessity to meet the Water Framework Directive environmental goal.
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Planning and implementation of effective restoration projects require appropriate assessment of a river’s hydromorphological status. Two European standards on hydromorphological assessment of rivers and hydromorphological assessment methods used in Poland are reviewed in the context of their applicability for river restoration purposes. River Hydromorphological Quality assessment method is presented with a case study of the Biała River, Polish Carpathians, where this assessment was used as basis for a restoration project aimed to establish an erodible river corridor. The results of the assessment revealed significant differences in hydromorphological quality between unmanaged and channelized river cross-sections, indicating channel regulation as a major cause of the hydromorphological degradation of the Biała and confirming the choice of the erodible river corridor as an appropriate method of its restoration. The assessment indicated hydromorphological features of the river that were severely modified within the channelized reaches and which are likely to improve the most with the removal of bank protection and allowing free channel migration.
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The present paper reviews selected outcomes of the FLORIST project devoted to flood risk in the region of the northern foothills of the Tatra Mountains in Poland and summarizes novel results. The project encompassed theoretical, field, and modeling work. It was focused around observation-based hydroclimatology; projections for the future; dendrogeomorphology; as well as influence of transport of large wood on fluvial processes. The project improved understanding and interpreting changes in high-flow frequency and magnitude as well as changes in flood risk in the region, related to the presence of large wood in mountain streams. A unique database on past episodes of intense precipitation and flooding was created, harnessing multiple sources. The project showed that the analysis of tree rings and wood logs can offer useful information, complementing and considerably enriching the knowledge of river floods in the region of northern foothills of the Tatra Mountains. Retrospective and scenario-defined modeling of selected past fluvial events in the region was also performed.
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