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1
Content available remote Fizyka cząsteczek [rec.]
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PL
Recenzja książki: Paweł Kowalczyk - Fizyka cząsteczek. Energie i widma, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2000, s. 206 (tytuł dotowany przez Tempus PHARE).
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Content available remote Profesor Stanisław Łęgowski (1931-2015)
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PL
Dnia 4 marca 2015 zmarł Profesor Stanisław Łęgowski, emerytowany profesor w Instytucie Fizyki Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, wybitny fizyk, organizator nauki i życia akademickiego, wychowawca wielu pokoleń fizyków.
EN
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a protein of a cellular origin belonging to a group of proinflammatory cytokines. A rapid overproduction of TNF-alpha in a cerebral post-ischemic inflammatory response leads to the stimulation of adhesive molecules expression with subsequent accumulation of leukocytes in the ischemic focus, which is preceded by their adhesion and migration. The TNF-alpha proinflammatory activity results mainly in extending the area of the brain infarct, which brings about negative clinical implications. Being the final morphological effect of ischemic stroke, TNF-alpha appears also to contribute to neuronal necrosis by its involvement in the process of apoptosis as well as in the death of neurons. The present study describes and discusses mainly the contribution of TNF-alpha to the formation of ischemic focus in the brain.
EN
Stroke-induced inflammatory reaction, which leads to invasion of leukocytes into the evolving brain infarct, seems to play a key role in the deterioration of brain ischaemic impairment. We have studied CSF and serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), the potent proinflammatory cytokine, and peripheral white blood cells (WBC) counts in patients within the first 24 hours of ischaemic stroke. TNF-alpha levels in CSF and serum as well as WBC counts were increased. There was no correlation between TNF-alpha levels either in CSF and serum or in WBC counts. The results of our study suggest that increased CSF TNF-alpha levels may represent acute intracerebral inflammation in stroke, whereas elevated levels of TNF-alpha in serum may reflect the peripheral proinflammatory state as well as stroke-induced systemic inflammatory reaction. Increased CSF and serum TNF-alpha levels do not correlate with the elevation of WBC counts, suggesting that TNF-alpha overexpression observed in early phase of stroke is not dependent on increased total number of peripheral leukocytes.
EN
Stroke-induced inflammatory reaction leads to the accumulation of leukocytes in the brain ischaemic region, where they exert a detrimental effect - promotion and extension of cerebral damage. Intracerebral infiltration of peripheral blood leukocytes requires prior endothelial-leukocyte interactions that are mediated by such cell surface proteins as adhesion molecules. Among adhesion molecules, it is the immunoglobulin gene superfamily (IgSF) that is responsible for strong attachment and transendothelial migration of leukocytes. The principal members of IgSF are: intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). In this review the following issues were described and discussed: an increased expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in ischaemic brain as well as a detection of their soluble(s) forms in sera of stroke victims. The presented data suggest the involvement of both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the sequence and timing of the infiltration of leukocytes into the brain ischaemic zone after stroke. They have also revealed changes in serum concentrations of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 that are characteristic for stroke. Recently, increase in sPECAM-1 levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been shown within 24 h of the onset of stroke, having indirectly suggested involvement of the molecule in the inflammatory events during the early phase of stroke.
15
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EN
The article describes, in chronological order, essential experimental research that led to the present-day interpretation of the specific heat of elements. In particular, the history of discovery of the specific heat dependence on temperature is outlined.
EN
Some chemical, physico-chemical and sensory properties of eignt preparations derived from protein animal by-products were determined. The effect of HPMF preparation upon the quality characteristics of canned hams was studied. It was found that addition of HPMF decresed cooking losses, improved significantly the binding of slices and had not significant effect upon odour and flavour of experimental canned hams.
PL
Przedmiotem badań były preparaty pochodzenia białkowego z mniej cennych surowców rzeźnych. Przebadano 8 preparatów, w tym jeden pochodzenia krajowego uzyskany w skali laboratoryjnej w instytucie przez Tederko i współpracowników. Charakterystyka jakości preparatów obejmowała: organoleptyczną ocenę zapachu i barwy, oznaczenie składu podstawowego i zawartości kolagenu wg metody ISO oraz stopnia jego degradycji po różnym czasie hydrolizy, określenie pH 2% zawiesiny wodnej i zdolności wiązania wody oraz oznaczenie zawartości aminokwasów egzogennych w preparacie HPMF. Doświadczenia technologiczne wykonano na mięśniach: M. quadriceps femoris i M. semimembranosus o pH 5,7-6,0. Preparat HPMF dodawano do solanki nastrzykowej, a dalszy proces technologiczny szynek familijnych (3 lb) był zgodny z obowiązującą instrukcją technologiczną. W każdym doświadczeniu produkowano równolegle szynki bez dodatku badanego preparatu – próba kontrolna. Jakość szynek określono na podstawie oceny typu standaryzacyjnego (wyciek cieplny), oceny sensorycznej analizy składu podstawowego, wyliczając na tej podstawie wartości wskaźnika PFF. Stwierdzono duże zróżnicowanie preparatów pod względem składu chemicznego (tab. 1) i właściwości fizykochemicznych: pH i zdolności wiązania wody (tab. 2). Zawartość kolagenu w dwóch preparatach i stopień jego degradacji po różnym czasie hydrolizy przedstawiają dane zawarte w tabeli 3. Badany preparat HPMF, tak jak inne tego typu preparaty, charakteryzuje się niską zawartością niezbędnych aminokwasów (tab. 4). Preparat HPMF dodany w celu podwyższenia zawartości białka w szynkach wpłynął na obniżenie wycieku cieplnego (tyb. 5), poprawił statystycznie istotnie związanie plastrów szynek w stosunku do szynek bez jego dodatku (tab. 6), a także nieco poprawił zapach i smakowitość szynek (tab. 7). Wyniki składu podstawowego szynek i wyliczone na podstawie wartości PFF zamieszczone w tabeli 8 wskazują, że dodatek preparatu MPMF zabezpieczył wymagany na rynku amerykańskim wskaźnik PFF.
EN
The acute phase response follows tissue injury and contributes to its exacerbation with pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic mechanisms. Acute phase proteins promote erythrocyte aggregation and falling, with the result that the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a measure of the acute phase response. As the acute phase response accompanies ischaemic brain damage, we studied ESR values in patients within the first 24 hours of ischaemic stroke and evaluated whether these values may be related to the volume of anatomically relevant single hemispheric brain computed tomography (CT) areas observed at the same period, indicating early stroke-related cerebral changes. We observed an increase in ESR in stroke patients and a positive correlation between the ESR values and the volume of early brain CT hypodense areas. The results suggest that elevation in ESR values is observed soon after a stroke and may reflect the relationship between the degree of acute phase response in the early phase of ischaemic stroke and the extent of local brain damage.
EN
After developing a Resonance Chiral Lagrangian (R χ L) model to describe hadronic τ lepton decays, the model was confronted with experimental data. This was accomplished by using a fitting framework that was developed to take into account the complexity of the model and to ensure numerical stability for the algorithms used in the fitting. Since the model used in the fit contained 15 parameters and there were only three one-dimensional distributions available, we could expect multiple local minima or even whole regions of equal potential to appear. Our methods had to thoroughly explore the whole parameter space and ensure (as well as possible) that the result is a global minimum. This paper is focused on the technical aspects of the fitting strategy used. The first approach was based on a re-weighting algorithm published in article Shekhovtsova et al. and produced results in about two weeks. A later approach, with an improved theoretical model and a simple parallelization algorithm based on Inter-Process Communication (IPC) methods of UNIX system, reduced computation time down to 2–3 days. Additional approximations were introduced to the model, decreasing the necessary time to obtain the preliminary results down to 8 hours. This allowed us to better validate the results, leading to a more robust analysis published in article Nugent et al.
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