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Formalising TCP's Data Transfer Service Language: A Symbolic Automaton and its Properties

100%

Billington J. , Han B.

2007

tom Vol. 80, nr 1-3

49-74

The TCP/IP protocol suite defines the procedures governing the movement of data within the Internet. A major component of the suite is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which ensures data flows reliably between Internet applications. We use Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs) to model the application's view of the service provided by TCP for the transfer of data. This service depends on the storage capacity available in the Internet. We firstly establish exact expressions for the size of the CPN model's reachability graph (or state space) in terms of the storage capacity. They indicate that both the nodes and arcs of the state space grow exponentially in the storage capacity. Secondly, we derive a symbolic state space which represents an infinite family of state spaces, one for each value of the capacity. We prove that each member of this family is a strongly connected graph and that its associated finite state automaton is deterministic and minimum. Finally, we formulate the TCP data transfer service language for arbitrary capacity, from the symbolic representation of the family of automata. This service language is the yardstick against which the TCP data transfer protocol can be verified with respect to user observable sequences of events.

Cloning, purification and enzymatic characterization of recombinant human Superoxide dismutase 1 expressed in Escherichia coli

61%

Lin F. , Yan D. , Chen Y. , Fletcher E. E. , Shi H. , Han B. , Zhou Y.

2018

tom 65

nr 2

Multifunctionality of cement based composite with electrostatic self-assembled CNT/NCB composite filler

61%

Zhang L. , Han B. , Ouyang J. , Yu X. , Sun S. , Ou J.

tom Vol. 17, no. 2

354--364

In this paper, electrostatic self-assembled carbon nanotube (CNT)/nanocarbon black (NCB) composite is employed as filler for developing multifunctional cement-based composites. The performances of the composites with different content of filler are investigated. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and equivalent circuit are used to explore the conductive and mechanical mechanisms of the composites. Experimental results indicate that the compressive strength and elasticity modulus of the composites sharply decrease when the filler content exceeds 0.77 vol.%. The percolation threshold zone of the electrical conductivity of the composites ranges from 0.39 vol.% to 1.52 vol.%. The piezoresistive properties of the composites with 2.40 vol.% filler are stable and sensitive, and the maximum fractional change of electrical resistivity is 25.4% when the stress amplitude is 10 MPa. The composites feature sensitive and linear thermal resistance effect when the filler content is 0.77 vol.%. Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the composites with 2.40 vol.% filler at 18 GHz is 5.0 dB, which is 2.2 times of that of the control samples. The composites exhibit high absorbing electromagnetic wave performances in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz, and the minimum reflectivity reaches −23.08 dB with 0.77 vol.% filler.

Remediation of polluted waters and wastewater by radiation processing

41%

Sampa M. H. O. , Takács E. , Gehringer P. , Rela P. R. , Ramirez T. , Amro H. , Trojanowicz M. , Botelho M. L. , Han B. , Solpan D. , Cooper W. J. , Emmi S. S. , Wojnárovits L.

tom Vol. 52, nr 4

137-144

Application of radiation processing for drinking water, wastewater, and groundwater treatment is a cost effective process which may insure adequate availability of that resource worldwide. This paper summarizes the results of a Coordinated Research Project (organized by the IAEA) with participants from 10 countries with the purpose of describing the degradation mechanism of organic impurities, and establishing optimal treatment conditions. Decoloration, disinfection, microbiological and toxicological experiments are also mentioned. These experiments led to pilot plants and also to a large scale industrial realization of radiation technology.