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2 Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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Beyond “democracy vs. populism": Urbinati’s theory of populism from a Central European perspective

100%

Barša P.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

2024

tom 72

nr Special_issue_1

85-100

This article criticizes the tendency to subsume under “populism”, in an undifferentiated manner, both national-conservative movements with authoritarian tendencies and post-ideological movements promising to replace the incompetence and corruption of established parties with technocratic efficiency and/or civic virtue. It calls for an internally differentiated conception of populism that does not reduce it to an antidemocratic phenomenon. In this context, Nadia Urbinati’s position is ambiguous. As she depicts the political upheavals of the last decade through the prism of “democracy vs. populism”, her position amounts to a clear example of the framework this article rejects. By emphasizing anti-establishmentarian and anti-partisan features of populism, however, she opens the door, albeit inadvertently, to a conception of populism that could include actors that aim to transcend established modes of party organization and classical partisan ideologies of the 19th century, without necessarily subverting democracy and the globalist or pro-European orientation of their countries.

Democracy without the Demos : Rosanvallon’s Decentering of Democratic Theory

100%

Barša P.

nr Special Issue 1

41-50

This paper explores the core of Pierre Rosanvallon’s revision of democratic theory. In his view, today’s democratic institutions cannot make good on their 200 year-old promise of representation because their very nature has fundamentally transformed from merely representing to also governing. Moreover, due to the shift from an industrial to post-industrial society, homogeneous collective categories of representation such as class, nation or people have broken down. This process has undermined the mainstream assumption that democratic legitimacy stems mainly from “the people” as a unified collective subject that projects itself “positively” into the future with the help of universal suffrage and parliamentary legislation. Democratic theory has to adjust to these changes. It should stop insisting that the centre of democratic systems is the electoral expression of the people’s will. Other, less direct forms of legitimacy have to be theorized and promoted while purely “negative” or “counter-democratic” civic practices of oversight, limitation and judging of established governments should be considered.