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Grammaticalization of auxiliary verb constructions: The case of Italo-Romance mixed perfective auxiliation systems and the ‘MIXPAR’ project

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Štichauer P.

Linguistica Pragensia

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2022

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tom 32

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nr 1

59-81

EN

This paper deals with auxiliary verb constructions in Romance, in particular with those that exhibit two auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘be’ which alternate, in many Italo-Romance varieties, within one and the same paradigm. It is argued that such an intra-paradigmatic distribution represents a special kind of grammaticalization, traditionally referred to as morphologization. Two aspects are discussed. First, a morphological approach to such ‘mixed paradigms’ is advocated, the main claim being that in order to explain the distribution of the two auxiliaries within the paradigm, one has to make essential reference to paradigmatic structure rather than to the intrinsic featural composition of the auxiliaries (along the lines of paradigmatic approaches reviewed in Blevins 2016). Second, it is shown that these mixed systems, although they often represent “delicate transitional stages” (Loporcaro 2014: 56, n. 8), also display interesting diachronic convergence typical of various stem alternation patterns, famously referred to as morphomes (cf. Maiden 2018). The paper draws on a dataset that is currently being put together in order to become, in the future, a large database of mixed perfective auxiliation systems. Some space is thus devoted to the description of the main parameters of this project, called ‘MIXPAR’.

2

Italské rafforzamento fonosintattico a jeho role v tzv. smíšených paradigmatech

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Štichauer P.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

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2017

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tom 99

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nr 1

29-39

EN

This paper addresses the issue of rafforzamento fonosintattico (RF), phonosyntactic doubling, typical of a wide range of Italo-Romance dialects, and its relation to the phenomenon of mixed paradigms, also attested in a number of Italian varieties. After a discussion of the basic properties of RF, the article introduces mixed paradigms and proceeds to show how RF is used morphologically to signal important morphosyntactic contrasts, such as the difference between the 2nd and 3rd persons singular where a homonymous outcome of habes/habet > a is found. The paper thus intends to put forward another case of morphologization on the basis of the interesting — and endangered — phenomenon of mixed paradigms.

3

Morfologická produktivita v diachronní perspektivě: příklad sufixů -mento/-zione ve staré italštině od 13. do 16. století

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Štichauer P.

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tom 9

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nr Special Issue 2018

13-26

EN

This paper deals with morphological productivity in diachrony, in particular it addresses the issue of the quantitative evaluation of productivity within a given time span. Adopting Baayen’s (1992; 2001; 2008) corpus-based quantitative approach which considers productivity as the probability of encountering a new type when sampling a large corpus, the paper shows the evolution of two competing suffixes -mento/-zione in Old Italian from the 13th to the 16th Centuries. On the basis of four separate corpora drawn from LIZ 4.0 (Letteratura Italiana Zanichelli), it is demonstrated how the productivity of the suffix -mento, within the time span of four centuries, remains constant, while the suffix -zione displays diachronic variability. Apart from diachronic considerations regarding this situation, the paper also highlights some technical aspects, such as the use of LNRE models (implemented in the package zipfR, a tool for lexical statistics in R, cf. Baroni — Evert, 2006; Evert — Baroni, 2007; Baayen, 2008), as well as some well-known limitations and constraints inherent in quantitative analyses of diachronic corpora.

4

Sulla diacronia della composizione verbo-nominale in italiano

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Micheli M. S. , Štichauer P.

Linguistica Pragensia

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2020

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tom 30

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nr 1

71-94

EN

This paper deals with, in a diachronic perspective, the Italian verb-noun compounds of the type portalettere and covers the time span that goes from the Origins well into the beginnings of the Twentieth century. On the basis of a rich dataset drawn from diachronic corpora and lexicographic sources, the article presents the history of this word-formation process, emphasizing the semantic and categorial nature of these compounds. The main claim is that the current semantic variability (person, instrument, event, period of time etc.) has always been available in the linguistic history of Italian as well as, to a minor extent, the categorial ambiguity by which VN compounds also function as adjectival modifiers. It is shown that this last function is much of a diachronic innovation. This paper, which stems from the theoretical premises of Construction Morphology, reveals that the productivity of the Construction [V-N]A|N is due to both the semantic and formal flexibility shown from the earliest attestations of the language, and to the productivity of some semi-specified subschemas, which have served as models for the creation of new VN compounds, especially over the past few decades.

IT

Questo articolo si propone di esaminare, in prospettiva diacronica, i composti verbo-nominali dell’italiano lungo un arco di tempo che va dalle Origini fino alle soglie del Novecento. In base ai dati tratti da diverse fonti quali corpora e opere lessicografiche, si ripercorre la storia di questo processo di formazione di parole mettendo in rilievo la natura di tali composti a livello semantico e categoriale. Si sostiene che la variabilità semantica (persona, strumento, evento, periodo di tempo) sia sempre stata presente nella storia linguistica dell’italiano, così come, in misura minore, l’ambiguità categoriale, per cui i composti VN fungono anche da modificatori aggettivali. Tale funzione, che negli ultimi decenni ha acquisito solidità dal punto di vista quantitativo, trova infatti riscontro già nei secoli precedenti. L’articolo, che parte dai presupposti teorici del Costruzionismo, dimostra come la Costruzione [V-N]A|N deve la sua produttività sia alla flessibilità semantica e formale che presenta fin dalla fase antica, sia (e soprattutto) alla fortuna di particolari sotto-schemi semi-specificati che, in particolar modo negli ultimi decenni, fungono da modello per la creazione di nuove forme.

5

Causative constructions of the hacer / fare + verb type in Spanish and Italian, and their Czech counterparts: a parallel corpus-based study

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Štichauer P. , Čermák P.

Linguistica Pragensia

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2016

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tom 26

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nr 2

7-20

EN

This paper investigates the Czech translation counterparts of the Spanish / Italian causative construction with the causative verb hacer / fare + verb. On the basis of two parallel corpora, a typology of Czech equivalents is proposed. In contrast to the general divide between analytic/synthetic translation constructions, the research uncovers a number of various recurrent patterns. The paper shows the quantitative distribution of the defined types of patterns. It demonstrates that between the two opposite poles of expressiving causativity, i.e. through morphological causativization and syntactic causative construction, there are languages, such as Czech, that display a wider range of structural possibilities. Although some types clearly dominate, the overall range of patterns is much larger.