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Burial shafts and chambers of Nefer and Neferhathor in tomb AS 68d. A comparative evaluation of the ceramic finds

100%

Arias Kytnarová K.

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2015

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nr 15

3-14

EN

The aim of this paper is to compare two sets of ceramic finds from the two southernmost shafts uncovered in tomb AS 68d, namely Shaft 1, belonging to the main tomb owner named Nefer, and Shaft 2, which very likely belonged to his wife, Neferhathor. These shafts are interesting due to the fact that although both their burial chambers were robbed and thus the shafts must have been disturbed, a large number of typologically and metrically similar vessels and their fragments were uncovered in the fills. In both shafts, we were able to uncover a large amount of fragments belonging not only to certain ceramic classes (especially stands, platters and jars) but also to the same groups, such as the tall hour-glass stands or the low ring stands. Also, numerous examples from both shafts were able to be glued together to at least full profile, if not to full diameter. Thus it is possible to assume that these shafts were back-filled with either their original contents or at least an unknown fraction of it, and the ceramic finds uncovered in them were originally part of intentional burial shaft deposits.

2

Hetepuni, kněz ze dvora princezny Šeretnebtej

51%

Dulíková V. , Arias Kytnarová K. , Cílek V.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2014

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nr 13

38-48

EN

During the autumn excavation season of 2013, archaeological work in the tomb complex of princess Sheretnebty (AS 68) continued. A false door was found in the filling of shaft 8 in Sheretnebty’s courtyard. The limestone stela (75 × 49 × 11 cm) belonged to a certain Hetepuni, a hemnetjer- priest of Khentytjenenet, wab-priest of the two hundred of the pyramid Men-nefer-Meryre (Pepi I), great wab-priest and overseer of the department of tenant-landholders of the Great House. The entire decoration of the false door – the hieroglyphic inscriptions, figural representation, lines and a hint of a wooden door with a crossbar in the central niche – was painted in black. At first glance the execution of the hieroglyphs looks neat and calligraphic; a further examination has revealed a substitution of some similarly looking signs. Originally, the whole surface of the stela had been whitewashed. The white colour has the basic composition of pure gypsum, but parts containing powdered barite were found as well (Tab. 1). At least 15 layers of white coating, which indicate repeated whitewashing, were observed. The length of time this activity had been taking place can be estimated at 20 to 60 years. It is probable that the false door was originally placed above the shaft into which it was thrown. A man 40–60 years old was buried in a rectangular burial pit in the burial niche of this shaft. Whereas no remains of burial equipment were found in the burial niche, the filling of the shaft contained fragments of pottery vessels. The majority of analogies to particular vessels are associated with the Sixth Dynasty, especially with Pepi I, however some of them have survived until the reign of Pepi II. Following its analysis, Hetepuni’s false door, whose features date it to the late Sixth Dynasty or the First Inter - mediate Period, illustrates not only the development at the Abusir necropolis but also serves as a probe into one of the burial complexes at Abusir South, i.e. the tomb cluster called the complex of princess Sheretnebty.

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New Egyptian tomb type found at Abusir South? Report on the excavations of mud brick complex AS 103

51%

Odler M. , Peterková Hlouchová M. , Arias Kytnarová K. , Havelková P.

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2018

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nr 21

73-93

EN

In the autumn season of 2017, four mud brick structures designated as AS 103 were excavated in the area of the south-eastern part of the New Kingdom temple (AS 70–73). It is a complex of four corridor chapels/tombs (in an area of 15.0 × 12.7 m), with single or composed niches in the western inner walls. One of the niches in Corridor Chapel 1 was cased with red-painted wooden planks. Shafts were detected in front of the niches, a fairly uncommon phenomenon in Egyptian tomb architecture. The term “hollow tomb with a shaft below a niche” is being proposed for this new tomb (sub)type. A preliminary study of the pottery leads to the conclusion that the tombs were built from the east to the west, with Corridor Chapels 4, 3 and 2 built successively in the Third Dynasty and Corridor Chapel 1 in the Fifth Dynasty. Even though they were funeral structures, not many burials were excavated: the remains of a single human body have been found. The structures did not contain many finds, either. However, four white limestone offering basins were uncovered in situ. One of them was inscribed with the female name Nfr.t-jw=s. It is evident that the excavations have brought to light new insights into burial practices of non-elite people of the Old Kingdom period. In the context of Abusir South, AS 103 represents the first thoroughly excavated complex of such a type of tombs. Based on preliminary probing, similar structures are very likely located nearby, continuing in all directions.

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The tombs of Kaisebi (AS 76) and Ptahwer (AS 76b) at Abusir South

45%

Dulíková V. , Jirásková L. , Vymazalová H. , Arias Kytnarová K. , Havelková P.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2017

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nr 19

3-26

EN

The excavations at Abusir South have already uncovered many tombs that have added valuable information to the general knowledge of the development of the Old Kingdom society, its burial and funeral habits, and last but not least social relations and their impact on the lives of ancient Egyptian officials. One of the latest discoveries is the tomb of “the elder of the judicial hall”, Kaisebi (AS 76), and the adjoining tomb of Ptahwer (AS 76b), which are located to the south of the anonymous mastaba (AS 54), lying on the most prominent spot of the whole Abusir South area. Kaisebi and Ptahwer built their tombs between this huge mastaba (AS 54) and a recently discovered 18.5 m long ship, both dated to the end of the Third Dynasty. Tomb AS 76 was constructed in two phases in the course of the late Fifth and Sixth Dynasties. The first one consisted of a rather small rectangular mastaba with a chapel, a northern niche, a serdab, and two shafts. The cruciform chapel of Kaisebi’s mastaba with colourful wall paintings contains a well-preserved false door in situ. Later on, the original structure was enlarged by an annexe (AS 76b) attached to the eastern wall of AS 76, which included another offering place and two burial shafts.

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A new tomb of transitional type from Abusir South: mastaba of Nyankhseshat (AS 104)

38%

Odler M. , Peterková Hlouchová M. , Havelková P. , Sůvová Z. , Arias Kytnarová K. , Jirásková L. , Brůna V.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2019

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nr 23

49-82

EN

Mastaba AS 104 is located above the Wadi Abusiri, to the south-east of the tomb of Kaaper (AS 1). It was preserved almost to the height of the former roofing, hence almost completely. The whole structure was built on a platform with a trapezoid section and, looking from the south, it must have appeared as a two-stepped structure. The core of the upper step was built of rather small undressed blocks of local limestone and contained a rectangular room (Serdab 2) and three deep shafts. It was covered with a layer of large and heavy mud bricks. The superstructure contained the main focal point of the funerary cult (cruciform chapel and Serdab 1). Contrary to other similar structures of roughly the same date, niching decorated only the eastern wall. The tomb was built for a custodian of the king’s property, Nyankhseshat, whose other titles reflect his position in the organization of work, the overseeing of gold procurement and a religious connection to metallurgy. This tomb represents, at least in the Abusir area, currently the last known tomb of transitional type. Apparently, in the Fourth or Fifth Dynasty, the main chapel fell into disuse and the mastaba was used by new owners (scribe of the treasury and royal wab-priest Sekhemka and his spouse, king’s acquaintance Henutsen), which is demonstrated by a limestone stela inserted into the eastern outer wall. Altogether five limestone basins were uncovered, four of them in situ. A number of interesting finds were collected in the shafts (wooden coffin fragments, copper and travertine models, a clay sealing, human bones, animal bones). This article presents an architectural and archaeological description of tomb AS 104 and offers some preliminary analyses of the finds, supplemented also by concise information on human and animal bones found. Last but not least, it describes documentation and methods used in the field.