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Feroz F. S. , Mat Ali M. H. , Ismail A. I. , Salman A. R. , Shahbodin F.

Acta Neuropsychologica

2021

tom 19(4)

427-443

This study used reaction time (RT) and event-related potential (ERP) analysis in an emotion-cognition Eriksen-Flanker (ECEF) task to investigate behavioral and neural abnormalities in individuals with public speaking anxiety (PSA). Although 25 per cent of people worldwide suffer from PSA, there is currently a lack of standardized assessment or biomarkers to detect emotion-cognition abnormalities in individuals with PSA. RT and ERP were compared between 12 subjects with high (H) PSA and 12 subjects with low (L) PSA in the ECEF experiment. EEG was recorded with the 14-channel Emotiv EPOC+. RT data showed a significant Flanker Effect across groups in the neutral and emotional (PSA-related) conditions, with increased Flanker effect in the HPSA group. On average, LPSA subjects were faster than the HPSA subjects in the ECEF task. HPSA subjects showed aberrant ERP responses in two ways. Firstly in the reversed N200 conflict effect with increased frontocentral amplitude in the incongruent compared to the congruent condition. Secondly, in the absence of the P200 frontocentral emotional modulation found in LPSA subjects. In the HPSA group, decreased P200 amplitude is significantly related to impaired behavioral performance in the neutral congruent condition. RT and ERP are useful in modern medicine because they successfully unveiled the biomarkers of abnormalities during the interaction of emotion and cognition. Impaired conflict processing in PSA-related condi- tions was found at the N200 and P200 windows in HPSA individuals.

BIOMARKERS OF VISUAL PERCEPTION DYSFUNCTION IN AUTISM: PROGRESS AND DIRECTIONS IN EEG RESEARCH

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Feroz F. S. , Shahbodin F. , Munir , Riza L. S. , Rasim , Che Ku Mohd C. K. N. , Jano Z. , Mohamad S. N. M.

Acta Neuropsychologica

2022

tom 20(1)

115-127

As the world moves towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution, there is a need for formulations of neurophysiological biomarkers that ensure the accuracy of the diagnosis of visual perception dysfunction in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Biomarkers of visual perception dysfunction in ASD using EEG complements behavioral methods of diagnosis and allows for a more direct assessment of the dysfunction, identifying rapid, implicit neural processes that are not revealed through behavioral measures alone. This paper aims to review the neural biomarkers of the five domains of visual perception dysfunction (visual discrimination (VD), visual spatial relations (VSR), visual form constancy (VFC), visual memory (VM) and visual closure (VC)) in individuals with ASD. This paper shall help researchers gain new insight into the current trends and progress in EEG methods in ASD and discover gaps in the subject literature. A systematic literature search on PubMed was conducted to report findings of EEG studies that:1) assessed the severity levels in patients with ASD and 2) investigated the neural biomarkers of visual perception dysfunction in ASD. Spectral analysis, functional connectivity analysis and event-related potential (ERP) are useful in modern medicine to identify the biomarkers that distinguish the levels of the severity of visual perception dysfunction in ASD.