Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Utilization of environmetric & index methods as water quality comparative assessment tools focusing on heavy metal content

100%

Boyacioglu H.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2012

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tom Vol. 38, no. 3

17-28

EN

In the study suitability of water quality index approach and environmetric methods in fi ngerprinting heavy metal pollution as well as comparison of spatial variability of multiple contaminants in surface water were assessed in the case of The Gediz River Basin, Turkey. Water quality variables were categorized into two classes using factor and cluster analysis. Furthermore, soil contamination index was adapted to water pollution index and used to fi nd out the relative relationship between the reference standards and the current situation of heavy metal contamination in water. Results revealed that surface water heavy metal content was mainly governed by metal processing, textile and tannery industries in the region. On the other hand, metal processing industry discharges mainly degraded quality of water in Kemalpasa and Menemen. Furthermore, Kemalpasa region has been heavily affected from tannery and textile industries effl uents. Moreover, pollution parameters have not been infl uenced by changes in physical factors (discharge and temperature). This study indicated the effectiveness of water quality index approach and statistical tools in fi ngerprinting of pollution and comparative assessment of water quality. Both methods can assist decision makers to determine priorities in management practices.

2

Spatial Differentiation of Water Quality Between Reservoirs Under Anthropogenic and Natural Factors Based on Statistical Approach

100%

Boyacioglu H.

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2014

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tom Vol. 40, no. 1

41--50

EN

This study illustrates the benefits of statistical techniques to analyze spatial and temporal variations in water quality. In this scope water quality differentiation caused by anthropogenic and natural factors in the Tahtali and Balçova reservoirs in western Turkey was investigated using discriminant analysis-DA, Mann Whitney U techniques. Effectiveness of pollution prevention measures was analyzed by Mann Kendall and Sen’s Slope estimator methods. The water quality variables were divided into three groups as physical-inorganic, organic and inorganic pollution parameters for the study. Results showed that water quality between reservoirs was differentiated for “physical-inorganic” and “organic pollution” parameters. Degree of influence of water quality by urbanization was higher in the Tahtali reservoir and in general, no trend detection at pollution indicators explained by effective management practices at both sites.

3

Application of environmetric methods to investigate control factors on water quality

89%

Boyacioglu H. , Boyacioglu H.

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2017

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tom Vol. 43, no. 3

17--23

EN

In the study, environmetric methods were successfully performed a) to explore natural and anthropogenic controls on reservoir water quality, b) to investigate spatial and temporal differences in quality, and c) to determine quality variables discriminating three reservoirs in Izmir, Turkey. Results showed that overall water quality was mainly governed by “natural factors” in the whole region. A parameter that was the most important in contributing to water quality variation for one reservoir was not important for another. Between summer and winter periods, difference in arsenic concentrations were statistically significant in the Tahtalı, Ürkmez and iron concentrations were in the Balçova reservoirs. Observation of high/low levels in two seasons was explained by different processes as for instance, dilution from runoff at times of high flow seeped through soil and entered the river along with the rainwater run-off and adsorption. Three variables “boron, arsenic and sulphate” discriminated quality among Balçova & Tahtalı, Balçova & Ürkmez and two variables “zinc and arsenic” among the Tahtalı & Ürkmez reservoirs. The results illustrated the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques to fingerprint pollution sources and investigate temporal/spatial variations in water quality.

4

Index and statistical methods in water management. A case study from the Mesopotamian marshes, Iraq

71%

Almaarofi S. S. , Douabul A. A. Z. , Boyacioglu H. , Boyacioglu H.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2017

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tom Vol. 43, nr 3

21--37

EN

Water quality status of marshes within Mesopotamia has been investigated, and temporal and spatial changes determined by examining causes and effects. Data gathered from predesiccation and after re-flooding periods were subjected to index and statistical analysis. The quality of waters in the region was assigned to polluted class, regarding specific salinity related parameters. Total dissolved solids, chloride and sulfate were main variables negatively impacting the water quality. The main quality parameters creating spatial differences between the selected marshes were electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. Temporal differences in dissolved oxygen, salinity, nitrate and phosphate concentrations between the 1980's and 2000's reflected the impact of desiccation and water shortage on the marshes. Salinity and nutrient concentrations generally increased after desiccation compared to their historical levels. These findings indicated that the Mesopotamian marshes had poor water quality due to increase in the concentration of salinity. The study revealed that the index and statistical methods are useful tools identifying water quality and fingerprinting pollution. This will help decision makers to establish strategic and comprehensive water management plans.

5

Efficiency of Water Quality Index Approach as an Evaluation Tool

63%

Boyacioglu H. , Gündogdu V.

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tom Vol. 20, nr 2

247-255

EN

This study aimed to demonstrate efficiency of documented index method “universal water quality index-UWQI” to evaluate surface water quality and investigate seasonal and temporal changes, in the case of Gediz River Basin Turkey. UWQI expressed results relative to levels according to criteria specified in European legislation (75-440 EEC). The method produced a unitless number ranging from 1 to 100 and a higher number was indicator of better water quality. Water quality is classified into five classes and index scores between 95-100 represent excellent and lower than 24 represent poor quality. In the study, dissolved oxygen-DO, pH, mercury-Hg, cadmium-Cd, total phosphorus-TP, biochemical oxygen demand- BOD and nitrate nitrogen-NO3-N have been chosen as index determinants. Samples analyzed for these variables were collected from five stations on monthly basis along two years. Based on UWQI classification scheme, water quality at sampling stations had scores below 40 and assigned to “marginal” which is between fair and poor quality class. On the other hand sub-indices of water quality determinants showed seasonal differences for some parameters. Cd concentrations were higher in “high flow” and lower values were observed in “low flow” periods. This was explained by negative impact of urban runoff on water quality. On the other hand DO concentrations were higher in “high flow” period. Under “low flow” conditions water quality at upstream stations (where the industrial density is low) was comparably better than downstream part. The study showed that index approach can be efficient tool to: a) evaluate water quality, b) investigate spatial and seasonal variations and finally, c) extract required information from complex data sets that is understandable by non-technical people.

PL

Celem pracy było wykazanie skuteczności zastosowania uniwersalnego indeksu jakość wody UWQI w ocenie jakości wód powierzchniowych i badaniu ich zmian czasowych na przykładzie basenu rzeki Gediz w Turcji. UWQI wyraża wyniki zgodnie z kryteriami określonymi w prawodawstwie europejskim (75-440 EWG). Indeks przedstawiony jest za pomocą liczb niemianowanych, z zakresu od 1 do 100. Im indeks jest większy, tym lepsza jest jakość wód. Jakość wody dzieli się na pięć klas, a wartość indeksu z zakresu 95-100 wskazuje na wody o najwyższej jakości. Wartości niższe od 24 oznaczają słabą jakość wód. Na wyznaczniki indeksu wybrano następujące parametry: tlen rozpuszczony (DO), pH, stężenia rtęci, kadmu, fosforu i azotu azotanowego oraz biochemiczne zapotrzebowanie na tlen. Próbki, w których badano te parametry, były pobierane z pięciu stacji raz w miesiącu, przez okres dwóch lat. Na podstawie schematu klasyfikacji UWQI próbkom przypisano indeksy poniżej 40, co pozwala na ocenę jakości wód jako przeciętną i niską. Z drugiej strony, dla niektórych parametrów współczynnik jakości wody wykazywał różnice sezonowe. Stężenia Cd były większe w czasie "silnych przepływów", natomiast mniejsze wartości obserwowano w okresie "słabych przepływów". Wytłumaczono to wpływem spływu miejskiego na jakość wody. Z drugiej strony stężenie DO było większe w okresie "silnych przepływów". W okresach "silnych przepływów" jakość wody w górze rzeki (gdzie gęstość przemysłu jest mała) była lepsza niż w jej dolnym biegu. Badanie wykazało, że zastosowanie indeksu może być skutecznym narzędziem do: a) oceny jakości wody, b) badania zmian przestrzennych i sezonowych oraz c) wyodrębniania takich informacji ze złożonych zbiorów danych, które są zrozumiałe dla niespecjalistów.