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1

Ecology of Ixodes ricinus immatures on Apodemus agrarius [Muridae] in the lowland ecosystems conditions

100%

Stanko M.

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nr 3

329-336

EN

Ecology of Ixodes ricinus collected on black-striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) was studied in the lowland ecosystems. During the study period (1986-1991), 1483 specimens of A. agrarius were examined in southern Slovakia and 1319 larvae and nymphs were collected from hosts. The seasonal pattern - bimodal (peak in spring and autumn) - was distinct for larvae. Both prevalence and abundance of tick infestation of A. agrarius by nymphs were low. Prevailing material of nymphs was collected from May (pooled data from all years) on mature hosts. There were significantly higher infestation in mature males than in females as well as significantly higher tick infestation of mature hosts than immature ones. Higher abundance of tick infestation of A. agrarius in fields is probably influenced by great spatial mobility of hosts and by import of ticks from landscape verdure.

2

Sprawozdanie z XXIV Europejskiego Kongresu i Kolokwium Prawa Rolnego, Caserata (Neapol) 26-29 września 2007 r.

63%

Lobos-Kotowska D. , Stanko M.

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2007

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nr 2

3

Mesostigmatic mites [Acari] and fleas [Siphonaptera] associated with nests of mound-building mouse, Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882 [Mammalia, Rodentia]

63%

Masan P. , Stanko M.

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nr 3

EN

Altogether 27,097 individuals and 56 species of mesostigmatic mites, and 169 individuals and 6 species of fleas, were found in 14 subterraneous nests of mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus in Slovakia. The mites were found in all nests examined (200-5,200 individuals and 8-31 species in one nest). The most abundant and frequent species were edaphic Proctolaelapspyg- maeus (536 ind. per one nest), coprophilous Alliphis halleri (471 ind.), ectoparasites Androlaelaps fahrenholzi (350 ind.), Laelaps algericus (287 ind.), Haemogamasus nidi (94 ind.), and nidicolous Vulgarogamasus remberti (79 ind.). Occurrence of other mite species was considerably lower (less than 14 ind. per one nest). The most common flea species was Ctenophthalmus assimilis (9 ind. per one nest), which represented almost 80% of all individuals collected. According to trophic relations and habitat requirements, the recorded mite species were classified into ecological groups, which were used for a more detailed analysis of their relationships to the host and its nests. Parasitic mites were predominant (41.6% of individuals). Representation of other ecological group was as follows: edaphic species - 28.5%, coprophiles - 24.5%, nidicoles - 5.4%. Ectoparasites and nidicoles specific for the acarinium and siphonapterium of mole Talpa europaea, which constructs similar subterranean nests for overwintering as M. spicilegus, were not recorded.

4

Virulence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from rooks

51%

Kmet V. , Drugdova Z. , Kmetova M. , Stanko M.

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tom 20

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nr 2

EN

With regard to antibiotic resistance studies in various model animals in the urban environment, the presented study focused on the rook, many behavioural and ecological aspects of which are important from an epidemiological point of view. A total of 130 Escherichia coli strains isolated from rook faeces during a two-year period (2011–2012) were investigated for antibiotic resistance and virulence. Resistance to ampicillin (60%) and streptomycin (40%) were the most frequent, followed by resistance to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin-22% and enrofloxacin-24%), tetracycline (18%), cotrimoxazol (17%) and florfenicol (14%). Ceftiofur resistance occured in 10.7 % of strains and cefquinom resistance in 1.5 % of strains. Twenty-five E.coli strains with a higher level of MICs of cephalosporins (over 2mg/L of ceftazidime and ceftriaxon) and fluoroquinolones were selected for detection of betalactamase genes (CTX-M, CMY), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnrS, integrase 1, and for APEC (avian pathogenic E.coli) virulence factors (iutA, cvaC, iss, tsh, ibeA, papC, kpsII). Genes of CTX-M1, CMY-2, integrase 1, papC, cvaC, iutA were detected in one strain of E.coli, and qnrS, integrase 1, iss, cvaC, tsh were detected in another E.coli. DNA microarray revealed the absence of verotoxin and enterotoxin genes and pathogenicity islands. The results show that rooks can serve as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant E. coli with avian pathogenic virulence factors for the human population, and potentially transmit such E.coli over long distances.

5

Climate and environmental factors influencing Echinococcus multilocularis occurrence in the Slovak Republic

51%

Miterpakova M. , Dubinsky P. , Reiterova K. , Stanko M.

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nr 2

EN

During the period of 2000-2004, 3,096 red foxes from the whole territory of the Slovak Republic were sampled and examined parasitologically for infections with Echinococcus multilocularis, causative agent of serious alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Relations between prevalence of the parasite in individual regions of Slovakia and some environmental factors were weighted. During the study period, great differences of prevalence and infection intensity were found on a regional level and significant between-year fluctuation of both parameters was observed. High-endemic foci with an estimated prevalence of more than 30% were detected in the northern and central part of the country. Climatic conditions, including low mean annual air temperature, high mean annual rainfall and the high humidity of the soil, showed to be important for E. multilocularis distribution. Significant correlation was calculated between prevalence of the tapeworm, mean annual precipitation values, and population density of small mammals.

6

The occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in certain ectoparasites (Mesostigmata, Siphonaptera) of Apodemus flavicollis and Myodes glareolus in chosen localities in the Czech Republic

45%

Netusil J. , Zakovska A. , Vostal K. , Norek A. , Stanko M.

Acta Parasitologica

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2013

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tom 58

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nr 3

EN

Ticks represent the primary vectors of several serious diseases, including the Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl). In this study two dominant ectoparasitic groups of arthropods (Mesostigmata, Siphonaptera) were investigated for the presence of borrelian DNA in order to determine their potential role of vectors (or carriers) of this bacterium. All individuals (235) were collected from wild-living rodents obtained in three localities in the Czech Republic (Bažantula, Baba and Křižovice). The majority of parasites were members of the families Parasitidae and Dermanyssidae (Mesostigmata) and families Hystrichopsyllidae and Ceratophyllidae (Siphonaptera). The rodent host species was almost exclusively the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis). Bbsl was detected by the PCR method in the following ectoparasite species: Euryparasitus emarginatus (1), Eulaelaps stabularis (1), Haemogamassus nidi (1), Laelaps agilis (5), Myonyssus gigas (1) (Mesostigmata) and Ctenophthalmus agyrtes (1), C. solutus (3) (Siphonaptera).

7

Anti-Borrelia antibodies in rodents: important hosts in ecology of Lyme disease

32%

Stefancikova A. , Bhide M. , Pet'ko B. , Stanko M. , Mosansky L. , Fricova J. , Derdakova M. , Travnicek M.

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nr 2

EN

Data presented in this study focuses on the presence of anti-Borrelia antibodies in small mammals from Eastern Slovakia during 2000-2003. The total seropositivity observed was 18.78% in rodents. Amongst all species, the total seroprevalence in Apodemus flavicolis was the highest (20.87%), followed by Apodemus agrarius (19.58%) and Clethrionomys glareolus (11.11%). However, the prevalence in Apodemus flavicolis during the year 2000-2001 was higher (26.72%), which reduced to 10.60% in 2002-2003. To compare the year range of seroprevalence in other small mammals was not feasible due to the small sample number. Area-wise distribution of anti-Borrelia antibodies was even (18.75% to 20%) in this study, except in the Boťany province (0%). This confirms the equal distribution of Borrelia spirochetes in the other 3 localities. Prevalence of anti-Borrelia antibodies during summer was significantly higher than during autumn and early spring. The overall study also reviews the importance of small mammals in Lyme disease ecology.

8

Seroprevalence of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in sheep and goats from mountainous areas of Slovakia

32%

Travnicek M. , Stefancikova A. , Nadzamova D. , Stanko M. , Cislakova L. , Pet'ko B. , Mardzinova S. , Bhide M. R.

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tom 09

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nr 2