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Benediktinský klášter sv. Jana pod Skalou a ivanské legendy jezuity Bridela. Malá sonda do praxí textové produkce 17. století

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Škarpová M.

Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense

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2021

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tom 18

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nr 36

13-42

EN

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the importance of Bohemian monastic communities of the 17th century — those which owned or managed a church with the status of a pilgrimage shrine — as hagiographic centres, and to highlight the ways in which they participated in hagiographic production and publication. Such is the case, for example, with the Benedictine monastery of Svatý Jan pod Skalou (Saint John Under the Cliff ), built on the tomb of the holy hermit Ivan. Nearly all surviving texts on Saint Ivan written before closure of the Svatý Jan monastery in 1785 are connected through their origin with the monastery. The origins of two works in particular, which may be the two most famous texts on Saint Ivan — Vita sancti Ivani (1656) and Život sv. Ivana (‘The life of Saint Ivan’, 1657), written in Latin and Czech respectively by the Jesuit Fridrich Bridel and printed at the Jesuit printing office in Prague —, are connected in their origins with Matouš Ferdinand Sobek of Bilenberk, abbot of the Svatý Jan monastery. In addition to direct testimony in written sources attesting to the fact that Sobek played a role in the creation of both texts and was able to ensure they would be printed, it is also clear that their publication coincides with the beginning of Sobek’s notable building activities at Svatý Jan, specifically with the laying of the foundation stone of the new church sanctuary in 1657. The lifelong hagiographic cooperation between the Benedictine abbot (and later Prague Archbishop) with the Prague Jesuits suggests how this type of cooperation enabled the Society of Jesus, which was still a relatively new religious order in the Czech lands during the 17th century, to form social ties with the ‘old’ orders, as well as representatives of the local church, and in this way to acquire, strengthen, and maintain their position in the social field. Both of these legends thus provide an example of the markedly cooperative character of early modern textual production and reveal something of its complexity. The main goal of this article is to encourage scholarship on the status of monastic communities in the early modern period by studying the literary field of that time, and by observing how these communities behaved with regard to ‘their’ texts.

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Roráte karlo-arnoštské: Kapitola z historie českých obrozenských mystifikací

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Škarpová M.

Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense

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2017

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tom 14

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nr 28

115-140

EN

One of the most significant changes in the manner of reproduction, distribution, usage and interpretation of Czech Rorate chants took place in the 1830s and 1840s. It was then that Czech catholic priest Václav Michael Pešina (1782–1859) provided an interpretation of early modern Czech utraquist liturgical Rorate chants (which were newly available in the edition published in 1823 by Jan Hostivít Pospíšil) as Charles-Ernest Rorate, i.e. as old Czech chants of an advent worship for people, which, according to Pešina, were introduced into St. Vitus Cathedral and other Czech churches by Archbishop Ernest of Pardubice with the support of Charles IV. Pešina also put into effect new ways in which Czech Rorate chants were reproduced and distributed, and initiated their introduction into Czech catholic churches, including the Prague cathedral, as revived Old Czech morning advent catholic worship for the people. In this paper, we analyze the strategies which were used to assert the interpretation of Czech Rorate chants, such as the Charles-Ernest Rorate, in the Czech cultural domain, as well as the strategies which led to the Rorate from the year 1823 being determined as the primary source. We also focus on the demystifying processes which resulted in the rejection of the concept of the Charles-Ernest Rorate, and in the virtually complete erasure of Pešina’s person from the Czech collective memory. Attention is also paid to the identity- and culture-forming function of this Revivalist mystification and its potential to become a valuable analytic tool for the modern-day Czech society.

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České roráty. K dezideratům a výzvám českého literárního dějepisectví

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Škarpová M.

Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense

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2019

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tom 16

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nr 32

127-160

EN

This article resumes research on the so-called Rorate chants, that is to say on the chants connected with morning Votive Mass in honor of the Virgin Mary in Advent, otherwise known as the Rorate Mass after its incipit. The central aim of this article is to present the Rorate chants as an interesting topic for (Czech) literary historiography as well as comparative hymnology. One may well point out that the polymedial nature of Rorate chants directly suggests an interdisciplinary approach. In the case of the Czech tradition, however, this only puts into sharper relief the imbalance of scholarship across the hymnological disciplines. On the one hand, one is struck by the almost total absence of research on literary historiography; in the first part of the article, we analyze how and under what circumstances Czech literary historians have excluded Rorate chants from Czech literary studies. On the other hand, one finds a rather long history of musicological research, which, conversely, has carved out an important place for the Rorate chants in the history of Czech music, going so far as to establish them as a characteristically Czech musical form. What the Czech Rorate chants seem to offer Czech society, as we show in the second part of the article, is a certain potential for self-identification — a potential that has manifested itself, at various times and with varying intensity, in a tendency to identify the Rorate chants as a product of a national past and as one of the nation’s identifying features. However, the creation of a specific vocal repertoire for the Rorate Mass is also documented in other (Central) European regions. The third part of our essay seeks to answer the question: how significantly does the Czech Rorate tradition differ from its counterparts? The difference between the various Rorate traditions cannot be understood (merely) with respect to a language traditionally characterized by monolingually defined national philologies. It is therefore possible to study the Czech Rorate tradition in the context of a pan-European process made up of various church denominations in the early modern period — that is, by investigating the Czech Rorate chants from the perspective of denominational liturgies, in reference to a particular church polity or corresponding socio-cultural context.

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Sem, sem Děťátko – Kritická edice české barokní písně

51%

Škarpová M. , Slavický T. , Kosek P.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2012

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tom 135

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nr 1-2

155-175

EN

This paper presents an excerpt from a forthcoming critical edition of the Advent and Christmas hymnbook Jesličky. Staré nové písničky (Prague 1658) by the major Czech Baroque poet Fridrich Bridelius. This edition has its origin in the project Jesličky, staré nové písničky (Fridrich Bridelius, 1658) – mezioborově koncipovaná kritická edice [Nativities, Old and New Carols (Fridrich Bridelius, 1658) – a Critical Edition within an Interdisciplinary Framework] (GAČR, 406/10/1454). The basic premise of the edition is the concept of a hymn as an integral configuration of text and music; the authors are thus committed to the programme of consistent philological and musicological research in hymnology formulated at the beginning of the 1940s by Antonín Škarka and Vladimír Helfert. The editorial principles of the planned edition, including its structure, are demonstrated by the authors with the use of the carol Sem, sem Děťátko as a model example. The carol is not only a contrafactum but also an independent Czech verse adaptation of the German hymn O Jesulein zart, das Kriplein ist hart by Friedrich von Spee. The paper comprises the actual edition of the textual and musical aspects of this hymn; an accompanying commentary (critical notes and explanations, textual and musical); a brief description of the genesis of the carol (determination of the possible German model) and its reception in the Czech environment; an explanation of the transcription principles used in the preparation of the textual and musical parts of the edition; a facsimile of the carol; and excerpts from hymn texts which show the most interesting textual and musical connections with the carol.