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Oceanologia
|
2010
|
tom 52
|
nr 1
147-151
EN
New data on the distribution of the invasive Ponto-Caspian species, Cercopagis pengoi, in the Gulf of Gdańsk are presented. The species, recorded in 2006, for the first time occurred continuously throughout the summer (July–August) at stations situated in the eastern and western parts of the gulf.
EN
The occurrence of epizoic filter-feeding Protozoa (Vorticella and Zoothamnium) and parasitic Protozoa (Ellobiopsis) on Calanoida was noticed in the Gulf of Gdańsk in 1998, 1999 and 2006. The relatively high (4-16% of all calanoids) level of infestation varied depending on the type of infestation (0.1-13% of the population of particular taxa). The dominant copepods – Acartia spp., Temora longicornis and Centropages hamatus - were attacked the most frequently (from 10.5% to 54% of all infested calanoids). Epibiosis and parasitism were observed on all copepod developmental stages (adults, juveniles and nauplii). Epibionts and parasites were located on different parts of the body, but mainly on the prosome. Infestation by epibionts and parasites was not restricted to calanoid copepods: it was also detected in non-negligible numbers on other crustaceans, namely, Harpacticoida, Cladocera (Bosmina sp.) and Cirripedia larvae (nauplii) in the Gulf of Gdańsk.
EN
Owing to their large numbers, small Calanoida from the Pseudocalanidae family constitute a significant element of zooplankton in seas and oceans. In Croker Passage, which is in the coastal zone of the Antarctic Peninsula, this family is represented by Microcalanus pygmaeus and Ctenocalanus citer. These species are characterized by a distinct seasonal variability in numbers and by the way they inhabit the water column. M. pygmaeus occurs five to six times more frequently than C. citer, and both species are far more abundant in summer than in winter. In summer they occur in the upper part of the mesopelagic zone, while in winter they move to greater depths. However, C. citer occurs more often than M. pygmaeus in the upper layers of the water column, regardless of season.
EN
The idea of the study was to describe short-term and seasonal variations in the composition and abundance of zooplankton in the coastal area of the Gulf of Gdansk at two shore stations and the influence of selected environmental factors (temperature, salinity, wind velocity) on it. The studies were based on material collected in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Gdansk from stations located by the Marine Promenade (Bulwar Nadmorski) in Gdynia and the pier in Sopot. Samples were collected in 2001 mainly at weekly intervals using an open-type plankton net. Environmental parameters were measured at the same time. The zooplankton at the Gdynia and Sopot stations consisted of 30 taxa; Rotatoria, Copepoda and meroplankton were dominants. There was a much higher percentage of Rotatoria and a lower percentage of meroplankton at Sopot than at Gdynia. Considerable differences were apparent in the numbers of particular groups of zooplankton at these stations in the same periods. Simpson's biodiversity index, here based on the zooplankton of the shallow waters off Gdynia and Sopot, was relatively high most of the time. Diversity of mesozooplankton was greatest in July and October. There was a significant correlation between the abundance of mesozooplankton and environmental factors in the case of cladoceran and polychaete larvae. Frequent studies at stations located close to each other illustrate the highly dynamic range of variations occurring in the coastal area: the concentrations of particular organisms fluctuated very considerably from one week to another, even by a factor of several dozen. Nevertheless, the statistically mean numbers of zooplankton at both stations are comparable.
EN
The presented results provide the first comprehensive description of the C. pengoi population and document new records of its expansion to the west in the Polish coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. In June–August 2006, C. pengoi was observed for the first time continuously for nine successive weeks in a broad range of the water temperature and salinity. Its abundance fluctuated from some to several hundred specimens per cubic meter. In July the species was much more abundant in the water far from the coast, whereas in August its maximum density was observed at the most shallow station. The population of C. pengoi occupied the whole water column, from the surface water to 80 m depth, its vertical distribution was not uniform. C. pengoi was represented by specimens from all age-specific morphological stages (BS I–III). The largest part of the population (up to 81.53%) was composed of juvenile specimens (BS I and II). Parthenogenetic females in the second instar constituted the majority of BS II specimens.
EN
Evadne anonyx, a new invasive Ponto-Caspian species, was detected for the first time in the Gulf of Gdańsk in the summer of 2006. Seven years probably elapsed from the first record of E. anonyx in the Baltic Sea (Gulf of Finland) to the first one in the Gulf of Gdańsk. Although the species was found at 10 out of 13 stations in rather low densities (not exceeding 6 indiv. m-3), all the developmental stages of E. anonyx were present (juveniles as well as adults - parthenogenetic females, gamogenetic females and males) in the plankton material investigated.
EN
Seasonal and short-term variability of zooplankton taxonomic composition in the shallow coastal area of the Gulf of Gdansk was reconstructed from analyses of material collected at weekly intervals between March 1998 and March 1999, using a Kopenhagen net with a 50 ľm-mesh size. Water temperature was also measured during the investigations, which enabled precise monitoring of the seasonality in the area. The contribution of a particular species and its density varied seasonally and, in the majority of cases, even weekly. On the one hand, the diversity and instability of particular zooplankton components were observed; on the other hand, though, the long-term presence and domination of species commonly inhabiting the waters of the Gulf of Gdansk (Acartia spp.) were confirmed to be independent of environmental conditions, especially, temperature. Frequent plankton catches resulted in identification of periods of fast qualitative changes within zooplankton and precise definition of the time when a particular taxon occurs. The time of dominance in major taxonomic zooplankton groups lasted: Tintinnina - 17 weeks, Rotatoria - 9 weeks, Copepoda - 2 weeks. Cladocera never was a dominant taxon.
EN
The development of two representatives of Pseudocalanidae and the nature of their population distribution in the water column were investigated on the basis of plankton samples collected over three seasons in night-day series in Croker Passage. The investigations showed that the two species begin reproducing in different seasons. Regardless of season, the growth of M. pygmaeus is more advanced than that of C. citer. Both species are characterised by a separation of their populations in the water column. The youngest copepodite stages (I-III) inhabit the upper portion of the water in which the given species occurs, while the oldest specimens, especially males, inhabit the deepest waters. Additionally, the first growth phases (CI-CIII) show a tendency to concentrate closer to the surface at night.
EN
Cercopagis pengoi, a species native to the Ponto-Caspian area, was recorded for the first time in the Baltic Sea in the Gulf of Riga and in the open Gulf of Finland in 1992. Sampling in the shallow coastal area of the western part of the Gulf of Gdansk at weekly intervals between April 1999 and April 2000 revealed the presence of C. pengoi in the zooplankton community. The species was recorded twice, at densities of 1369 indiv. m-3 on 30 July 1999 and 421 indiv. m-3 on 5 August 1999, when the water temperature was at its maximum, in excess of 21.7C and 23.9C respectively. C. pengoi had never been recorded in the Gulf of Gdansk prior to 1999.
EN
The aim of this paper is to determine the current biological state of life in the pelagic zone of the Gulf of Gdansk in relation to the planned start-up of an underwater outfall which will discharge sewage from the Gdansk-Wschod (Gdansk-East) sewage treatment plant. The plankton material was collected during two research cruises in July and October 1998. The samples were taken at 15 stations in four profiles located near Wyspa Sobieszewska (Sobieszewo Island), perpendicular to the coastline. Both the taxonomic and numerical structure of phytoplankton and zooplankton were typical of the coastal area of the Gulf of Gdansk. The species diversity depends on hydrological conditions, mainly input from the River Wisla (Vistula). The abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in 1998 were several times lower than in 1994 and 1995 in the area off Gorki Wschodnie, the profile located closest to the planned construction site. This could have been caused by generally lower temperatures in 1998 in comparison to previous years. In the investigated area only traces of algal eutrophication indicator species were noted. However, potentially toxic species were confirmed and were most abundant near the Wisla mouth. The highest concentrations of pelagic fauna occur in the shallowest area closest to the shoreline. Long-term observations of the dynamics of the variations in abundance and species composition indicate the increasing significance of one particular species - Acartia bifilosa.
EN
The development of two representatives of Pseudocalanidae and the nature of their population distribution in the water column were investigated on the basis of plankton samples collected over three seasons in night-day series in Croker Passage. The investigations showed that the two species begin reproducing in different seasons. Regardless of season, the growth of M. pygmaeus is more advanced than that of C. citer. Both species are characterised by a separation of their populations in the water column. The youngest copepodite stages (I–III) inhabit the upper portion of the water in which the given species occurs, while the oldest specimens, especially males, inhabit the deepest waters. Additionally, the first growth phases (CI–CIII) show a tendency to concentrate closer to the surface at night.
EN
The idea of the study was to describe short-term and seasonal variations in the composition and abundance of zooplankton in the coastal area of the Gulf of Gdańsk at two shore stations and the influence of selected environmental factors (temperature, salinity, wind velocity) on it. The studies were based on material collected in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk from stations located by the Marine Promenade (Bulwar Nadmorski) in Gdynia and the pier in Sopot. Samples were collected in 2001 mainly at weekly intervals using an open-type plankton net. Environmental parameters were measured at the same time. The zooplankton at the Gdynia and Sopot stations consisted of 30 taxa; Rotatoria, Copepoda and meroplankton were dominants. There was a much higher percentage of Rotatoria and a lower percentage of meroplankton at Sopot than at Gdynia. Considerable differences were apparent in the numbers of particular groups of zooplankton at these stations in the same periods. Simpson’s biodiversity index, here based on the zooplankton of the shallow waters off Gdynia and Sopot, was relatively high most of the time. Diversity of mesozooplankton was greatest in July and October. There was a significant correlation between the abundance of mesozooplankton and environmental factors in the case of cladoceran and polychaete larvae. Frequent studies at stations located close to each other illustrate the highly dynamic range of variations occurring in the coastal area: the concentrations of particular organisms fluctuated very considerably from one week to another, even by a factor of several dozen. Nevertheless, the statistically mean numbers of zooplankton at both stations are comparable.
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