This paper presents an approach to [sigma delta] modulators relying on current mode sampled data circuits with switched transconductances. The [sigma delta] modulator structures are composed of current mode building blocks with transconductance amplifiers and capacitors. All building blocks and three different [sigma delta] structures: first-order, second-order and third-order two-stage are designed and simulated by using VLSISPICE COMPASS DESIGN programs on SUNSPARC20 computer and then manufactured via Eurochip service center in 0.7 [mu]m ES2 digital process to verify proposed concept.
This paper presents an algorithm for restoring telescope images corrupted by turbulence effects and readout noise of a telescope system in order to determine centroid positions of stars, especially the position of a reference star. A computation method employing an accurate centroid estimation algorithm reconstructing a point spread function (PSF) from the recorded astronomical images has been used. Minimisation of turbulence effects and telescope control system noise in long exposure images acquired and recorded by the ground telescope is proposed. As a solution of the distortion error a minimisation signal is dedicated to GoTo calibration procedures built in control mechanisms of the electromechanical telescope system. The proposed method has been verified in the Matlab environment for real deep sky images recorded by the ground telescope system.
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