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1 Meritum – Rocznik Koła Naukowego Doktorantów-Historyków Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie

1 2016

1 Pietrzykowski S.

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WOKÓŁ INTENCJONALISTYCZNYCH I FUNKCJONALISTYCZNYCH PRÓB WYJAŚNIENIA ZAGŁADY

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Pietrzykowski S.

tom VIII

285-310

The Intentionalism-Functionalism division, occurring since the end of the end of II World War, methodically constructed at late 60. of the XX century, has a significant impact on the development of the Holocaust Studies and marks its presence in most studies and/or discussions concerning the Holocaust. In this paper I will try to characterize these two scholarly approaches, with particular emphasis on the differences between them. Explaining the origins of the Holocaust, the Intentionalists underline the fundamental importance of the Nazi ideology, whose basic assumptions (racism, anti-Semitism, Pan-Germanism) established by Adolf Hitler as early as the early twenties, and were consequently carried out thereafter (hence the Intentionalist are being alternatively called as „programmers” or „planners”). On the other hand, the Functionalists sought the driving force in a dynamic, practically unstoppable process of bureaucratization (both civil and military). In war conditions this process led to genocide, resulting more from improvisation than assumed, overall plan – its main instigators were not the eminent leaders but rather lower- or average-level officials, the representatives of aforementioned bureaucratization. By deliberating over the image of Hitler and his role in the implementation of the so-called „Final Solution of the Jewish Question”, the issue of key relevance for both Intentionalism and Functionalism, I will be able to focus, at least fragmentarily, on the questions of methodology or historical sources, and to introduce major books/most prominent figures. The methodological disagreements often led to serious conflicts, like the discussed one between Marxist historian Timothy Mason, who declared himself as Functionalist, and liberal-conservative Intentionalists, such as Klaus Hildebrand and Karl Dietrich Bracher. However, despite certain differences, there are also some similarities, which do not exclude the possibility for dialogue.