Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

Ten serwis zostanie wyłączony 2025-02-11.

Nowa wersja platformy, zawierająca wyłącznie zasoby pełnotekstowe, jest już dostępna.
Przejdź na https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Ograniczanie wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 3

Liczba wyników na stronie

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Sortuj według:

Ogranicz wyniki do:

Factivity and presupposition in Dependent Type Semantics

100%

Tanaka R. , Mineshima K. , Bekki D.

Journal of Language Modelling

2017

tom Vol. 5, No. 2

385--420

Dependent type theory has been applied to natural language semantics to provide a formally precise and computationally adequate account of dynamic aspects of meaning. One of the frameworks of natural language semantics based on dependent type theory is Dependent Type Semantics (DTS), which focuses on the compositional interpretations of anaphoric expressions. In this paper, we extend the framework of DTS with a mechanism to handle logical entailment and presupposition associated with factive verbs such as know. Using the notion of proof objects as first-class objects, we provide a compositional account of presuppositional inferences triggered by factive verbs. The proposal also gives a formal reconstruction of the type-distinction between propositions and facts, and thereby accounts for the lexical semantic differences between factive and non-factive verbs in a typetheoretical setting.

Roles of short-chain fatty acids receptors, GPR41 and GPR43 on colonic functions

75%

Tazoe H. , Otomo Y. , Kaji I. , Tanaka R. , Karaki S.-I. , Kuwahara A.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

2008

tom 59

nr 2

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the major anions in the large intestine. They are produced by a bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber. SCFAs are known to have a variety of physiological and pathphysiological effects on intestine. However, the mechanisms by which intraluminal SCFAs are sensed are not known. In 2003, two orphan G protein coupled receptors (GPRs), GPR41 and GPR43, have been cloned and demonstrated to be receptors for SCFAs. Thus, we had attempted to make antibodies raised against GPR43 and GPR41 to elucidate the roles of SCFAs on colonic functions. We have also evaluated the effects of SCFAs on colonic motility to define the physiological roles on luminal SCFAs. In rat and human colon, GPR43 protein was detected by Western blot analysis in extracts of whole wall and separated mucosa, but not in muscle plus submucosa extract. By immunohistochemistry, GPR43 immunoreactivity was localized with enteroendocrine cells expressing peptide YY, whereas 5-HT immunoreactive enteroendocrine cells were not immunoreactive for GPR43. GPR41 immunoreactivity was also found in human colon. In functional studies, propionate and butyrate concentration-dependently (10 µM - 10 mM) induced phasic and tonic contractions in rat colonic circular muscle. The propionate-induced phasic contraction was attenuated by atropine, tetrodotoxin and the 5-HT4 receptor antagonists SB204070. However, acetate did not induce phasic or tonic contractions. Propionate-induced responses were not observed in mucosal free preparations. The present results suggest that the SCFA-induced physiological effects on colonic functions might be attributable to the activation of SCFA receptors on epithelial cells in the colon.

The utility of patent ductus arteriosus closure with hemostatic clip in dogs

51%

Takeuchi A. , Uemura A. , Goya S. , Shimada K. , Yoshida T. , Hara S. , Sato K. , Shiraishi K. , Yairo A. , Kto K. , Matsuura K. , Tanaka R.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

2020

tom 23

nr 2