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2 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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Globalne uwarunkowania rozwoju lokalnego. Rozważania na temat glokalizac

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Jewtuchowicz A. , Uniwersytet Łódzki Z. E. R. i. O. Ś.

2005

tom 186

One can observe an general agreement that globalization is one of the main challenges for the contemporary human being. This conception depicts the process of passing from the world economy to the one “global” economical system. It replaces the term “internationalization”, hitherto used for describing the strategies of the enterprises. Globalization means qualitative changes and appearance of the new paradigm, wich defines new frames for economies and societies. Globalization is a dynamic process, whose results are difficult to forecast. One of the main reasons is, that this process depends on many phenomena, which are antagonistic on the surface, which interwave and appear simultaneously on the global and the lower, national and regional scale. It radically changes an approach to regional sciences, which presently cannot be based on independent and frontiers-defined national territory. Hitherto way-of-thinking: “national- international” are being replaced by “global-local” relations analysis. The effects of crosscutting of these two dimensions: global and local and their intereactions, lead to creation of the new term: “glocalization”, which underlines the interchangeability and simultaneousness of both the developing process of globalization and the growing meaning of the local development.

Spoleczno-ekonomlczne konsekwencje uprzemysłowienia miast a korzyści zewnętrzne lokalizacji

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Jewtuchowicz A. , Łódzki U.

1984

tom 37

Externalities can be defined as benefits for economic units which are not the effect of their direct activity, but result from changes in the environment. They comprise both spatial/location factors i.e. location benefits, and factors not related to location, occuring in the economy and resulting from its development. For the economic units attractiveness of particular places In space must have its economic measure. Economic benefits, connected with particular location of industry, will depend on the existing development of industry i.e. on size and type of existing externalities and the possibilities of their use. One of the basic problems which must be solved is a problem of utilization of externalities to increase effectiveness of functioning of economic and settlement units. Lack of integration of Industry vs. environment and incorrect development of many Polish towns results from inabitity of towns to assimilate externalities created by industries. Many industries do not take into account external benefits and non-benefits in their calculations. Ignorance of mechanisms and interaction of externalities on development decreases its effectiveness leading to waste of means. Most of economic calculations are therefore Ineffective as well.