W artykule omówiono problematykę kształtowania struktury asortymentowej w warunkach gospodarki rynkowej. Scharakteryzowano istotę procesu rozwoju nowych produktów zwracając uwagę na to, iż rozwój wyrobu wymaga zaangażowania określonego kapitału i nieodłącznie wiąże się z ryzykiem. Wykazano, że celem zwiększenia szans powodzenia nowych wyrobów, konieczne jest przyjęcie właściwej w określonych warunkach strategii rozwoju produktu. Wykorzystanie struktury asortymentowej pozwala na angażowanie zasobów w te produkty i rynki, które stanowią największą szansę rozwoju dla przedsiębiorstwa.
EN
In the paper, problem of an assortment structure design in free market economy is described. New products creation and introduction them to an assortment offer is especially taken into consideration. The process of new product development is characterised. Usually, the product development needs some capital and is connected with risk. There is shown that a right choice of product strategy development increases the chance of success of new products. Designing of assortment structure using the chosen strategy enable to engage the resources for those products and markets which give the greatest chance for firm's development.
In the article, the authors characterized innovativeness of enterprises. The authors compared, using the most frequently applied criterion of evaluation, the level of innovation in Polish enterprises to that of the more developed countries of the European Union. The evaluation results show that the index of innovativeness of the latter is considerably higher than that of the former. At the same time, for the last few years, a decrease of the Polish enterprises innovativeness has been observed. Existence of lots of barriers (making grow of innovation of Polish enterprises more difficult) and also lack of possibilities of beating those barriers by enterprises itself requires creating adequate pro-innovation policy from the Polish government.
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Innovation activity of the firm shows by new products creation, the old ones improvement, production processes improvement and rationalisation of the organisation and styles of management. Variability of innovation activities and theirs evaluation criteria cause subjective evaluation of innovation level. GUS uses share ratio of innovation firms in global number of the considered firms to innovation Polish firms evaluation. Taking into consideration some innovation activity assumptions, innovation of Polish firms in 1997 - 1998 from the number of patents and number of inventions submitted to patenting is presented m the paper. The e Polish industry achievement and United Europe industry achievement is compared.
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The role and importance of the knowledge management process in innovative ventures is discussed in the paper. The right utilization of knowledge and management in innovative processes stipulates the development and competitiveness of enterprises. When supply chains compete between themselves, the strategy of knowledge management must he submitted to objectives of the supply chain that the enterprise is .part of. In the paper, linear and adaptive knowledge chains concepts were characterized. Knowledge management in supply chains is determined by knowledge resources that a participant of a certain supply chain should have or should acquire in the knowledge acquisition environment. As results from the analysis performed, the innovativeness of Polish enterprises is realized, to a considerable measure, through the development of the private sector managed and owned by foreign companies. These, in turn, are not stimulated by competitiveness of the domestic knowledge acquisition environment but, most often, by a cheap work force. The growth of Polish enterprises innovative-ness requires the development of the local knowledge acquisition environment. It is a precondition to a knowledge based intensive development of Polish economy.
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