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Content available The role of project management in business operation
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The main objective of the study “The role of project management in the hospitality business operation” was to develop recommendations for the selection of project management standards which will allow the effective achievement of their objectives, in particular to define and adjust their management standards. The study was carried out in the period from 01/01 to 31/12/2011, while the fundamental phase of the study fell in the period from 01/08 to 30/11. A set of 5 specific objectives was used which were operationalized into 7 research questions and 5 research techniques, both quantitative and qualitative. The study used secondary data which constituted statistical and demonstrative material, as a result of which it was possible to develop a typology of projects implemented in hotel companies and compare project management standards. The above compilations were used to construct research tools in order to obtain primary data - the results of surveys and individual in-depth interviews. The study allowed the following main conclusions to be drawn: 1. The natural and cultural values of the region as well as regional and local tourist products are not perceived by hotel companies as attractive resources for creating their own offer. 2. Low propensity of hotel businesses to cooperate in integrating promotional activities for the region as an attractive tourist destination. 3. Low interest of hotel companies in the activities of sustainable development. 4. Low effectiveness of dialogue and cooperation between the hotel industry and other actors of the regional tourism market. 5. Moderate satisfaction of hotel companies with the implemented projects, there are no grounds to unequivocally state that the project was successful. 6. Hotels operating in the Łódź region conduct individual marketing activities on a small scale being focused exclusively on the promotion of their own offer. 7. Low propensity of hotel companies to establish cooperation within the tourism industry. 8. Hotel companies in the Łódź Voivodeship implement projects using few management standards. For these conclusions detailed recommendations were formulated indicating possible remedial actions aimed at reversing adverse trends or strengthening positive effects.
EN
Particular entities of the State Forests differ in their activity in the field of nature−and forest−related education. The study provides an economic evaluation of the degree of involvement of forest districts, within the Regional Directorate of State Forests (RDSF) in Kraków, in educating the society on nature− and forest−related issues. Financial expenditures were analysed and the zero unitarization method was used. In the years of 2005−2009, over 82.4% of expenses on education in the RDSF in Kraków were covered by the State Forests, ca. 42% were financed from the own funds of forest districts and over 40% – from the Forest Fund. Total expenses on educational activities included 57% of direct costs and 43% of indirect costs. Quantitative indicators and expenditure indicators provided basis for the distinction of groups of forest districts, accord− ing to their activity in the field of nature− and forest−related education.
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Środowisko leśne stanowi doskonałe miejsce do wypoczynku, dla spragnionego kontaktu z przyrodą człowieka. Postanowiono zbadać preferencje odnośnie korzystania z zasobów leśnych wśród odwiedzających Leśny Kompleks Promocyjny Lasy Beskidu Sądeckiego. W celu określenia znaczenia lasu dla badanych osób, przeanalizowano czynniki, które motywują respondentów do wizyt w lesie. Poznanie oczekiwań ankietowanych odnośnie preferowanego wyglądu lasu oraz wyodrębnienie najważniejszych jego funkcji było przedmiotem badań. Ocenie poddano zapotrzebowanie na infrastrukturę turystyczną ze strony respondentów. Wytypowanie elementów pochodzenia antropogenicznego, które istotnie obniżają satysfakcję z pobytu w lesie, stanowiło cel badań. Narzędzie badawcze stanowił oryginalny kwestionariusz ankietowy. Badania zostały wykonane w lesie, głównie na szlakach turystycznych oraz w pobliżu kolejki linowej w Paśmie Jaworzyny Krynickiej – Beskid Sądecki. Ankietowaniu poddano 152 respondentów, wiosną 2008 r. Respondenci w zakresie wrażeń wizualno-estetycznych oczekują przede wszystkim czystego i zadbanego lasu. Preferowanym typem lasu, jest las mieszany o charakterze naturalnym. Zdaniem badanych najwięcej przyjemności dostarcza pobyt w lesie z dorodnym drzewostanem, bogatym w podszyt i runo. Wśród czynników, dla których respondenci odwiedzają las na pierwszy plan wysuwa się potrzeba wypoczynku. Mniej ważnymi czynnikami okazały się, potrzeba pozyskania owoców runa leśnego oraz możliwość obserwacji dzikich zwierząt. Najistotniejszymi funkcjami lasu w opinii badanych osób są funkcje ekologiczne i ochronne, takie jak: dostarczanie tlenu, ochrona wód i gleb oraz spełnianie przez las funkcji bytowo-przestrzennych dla egzystencji organizmów żywych. Mniejsze znaczenie ma funkcja społeczna lasu kojarzona z możliwością wypoczynku, natomiast niewielki procent respondentów dostrzega produkcyjną funkcję lasu. Badani w LKP wyrażają dezaprobatę dla braku kultury i świadomości ekologicznej wśród użytkowników lasu, którzy zaśmiecają, wjeżdżają na jego teren pojazdami mechanicznymi oraz puszczają luzem psy. Opinia publiczna potępia bezprawne korzystanie z zasobów leśnych, domagając się zaostrzenia przepisów w tym zakresie i egzekwowania kar za ich naruszanie.
EN
Society benefits from forest relaxation and active holiday. Present analysis will try to answer the following question: What are the preferences of the society regarding to benefits gained from the forest? In order to evaluate the importance of the forest for the visitors, Forest Promotion Area Lasy Beskidu Sądeckiego carried out a revision of importance of the deciding factors which motivate society to visit LKP. It was vital to evaluate the requirements of tourist infrastructure. Whereas stating the factors which most decrease satisfaction from the visit in a forest was a supplement to the problems connected with the issue of the scientific studies. Instrument of research: One of the tools for the analysis was an inquiry questionnaire as well as a formal interview; this was done with a selection of candidates, approximately 30% of the population. The analysis was conducted within the forest area, mainly on the tourist’s pathways and near the cable car entrance and exit points of Jaworzyna Mountain. The analysts questioned 152 people in the summer period of 2008. Tourists, that visit the forestry area, expect to see a clean environment; in addition they expect to see a mixture of different tree species but without being seen as any artificial intervention. In their opinion the areas that excite them most are forests with very high growth, exceeding usual tree height. And they also like to see the lower plant growth for example different types of plant life and undergrowth. The main reason for people to visit the forestry area is that it relaxes them; secondly they are close to nature as well as they can pick different types of forest fruit. This was clear from the interviews taken at random. The opinion of the interviewed persons is that the main function of the forest area is an ecological function, and protective function. It produces oxygen and helps to keep water and moisture within the ground of the forest. Another function of the forest is that it holds the earth together with its roots, and provides a habitat for plant and animal life. Less important view of the people selected was the social function of the forest with it being a place to be visited by the general public, and the least important function was its productivity function. The same group of people also criticized people that misused the forest area by leaving litter, driving heavy vehicles which tears up the ground and also letting their dogs go to the forest unattended, that is why we need to continue to educate people on how to maintain the forestry area and to ensure that the people are fully aware of the destruction they can cause. People claimed that the law needs to be strengthened to have stronger punishment for the offenders that can have a negative effect on the forest area.
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In this article we propose a general framework incorporating semantic indexing and search of texts within scientific document repositories. In our approach, a semantic interpreter, which can be seen as a tool for automatic tagging of textual data, is interactively updated based on feedback from the users, in order to improve quality of the tags that it produces. In our experiments, we index our document corpus using the Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) method. In this algorithm, an external knowledge base is used to measure relatedness between words and concepts, and those assessments are utilized to assign meaningful concepts to given texts. In the paper, we explain how the weights expressing relations between particular words and concepts can be improved by interaction with users or by employment of expert knowledge. We also present some results of experiments on a document corpus acquired from the PubMed Central repository to show feasibility of our approach.
EN
Recent studies indicate that MMP-9 (gelatinase B that regulates pericellular environment through the cleavage of protein components of the extracellular matrix) plays a role in synaptic plasticity. Szklarc zyk et al. (2002), Konopacki et al. (2008) and Wilczynski et al. (2008) have demonstrated the presence of mRNA and protein for MMP-9 at postsynaptic sides of rat hippocampal neurons. It was also shown by Michaluk et al. (2007) that gelatinolytic activity of MMP9 increases after stimulation of rat neuronal cultures with either glutamate or bicuculine. We observed the presence of MMP-9 protein and mRNA in synaptoneurosomes, the synaptic fraction isolated from hippocampus. To detect the activity of MMP-9 we measured the cleavage of its substrate, β-dystroglycan. By the use of this readout we showed that MMP-9 is activated 5 to 10 mintes after neuronal stimulation. We postulate here that MMP-9 is translated from dendritically-localized mRNA and the protein is produced in response to synaptic stimulation. Its rapid and local translation and secretion is a polyadenylation- and local translation-dependent process.
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