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PL
Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja konsekwencji społeczno-ekonomicznych przemian zachodzących na rynkach pracy, w wybranych małych miastach województwa śląskiego. Porównywane miasta Imielin i Szczekociny reprezentują tak pozytywne, jak i negatywne przykłady przekształceń na rynku pracy. Prześledzono zmianę liczby miejsc pracy w obu ośrodkach, a także wpływ tych procesów na podstawy dochodowe samorządu terytorialnego oraz poziom aktywności gospodarczej. Artykuł prezentuje również konsekwencje społeczno-demograficzne, wyrażone zmianą salda migracji izniekształceniami w strukturze wieku i płci mieszkańców. Podjęto również próbę identyfikacji tych efektów na lokalnym rynku nieruchomości. Określono przyczyny różnic zachodzących procesów w obu miastach oraz potencjalne dalsze kierunki zmian.
EN
The aim of the article is to identify consequences of socioeconomic transformation of labour market in two selected small towns in the Silesian Voivodeship. In the analysed towns, Imielin and Szczekociny, positive and negative xamples of transformations can be observed. Changes in the number of work places in both towns and the impact of these processes on the basis of local income and the level of economic activity were taken into account. The article also presents socio-demographic changes according to migration, age and gender structure of the population. In the analysed small towns the relationship between the real estate market and the local labour market were noted. The reasons of differences in the processes occurring in both towns and potential future directions of changes were presented.
EN
The article takes up an issue of the potential of the local job markets in small towns within the metropolitan areas. The basis of the assessment of the job markets is the amount of the employed as well as directions the people commute from. The research showed the weakness of these towns' influence as job markets what results from the difference in the human and economic potential between the studied centres and the leading cities being the core of GOM. It reflects on a small economic potential translating into a weak economic base and city-creating functions.
EN
The purpose of this article is to try to classify labour markets of the Silesian Province on the municipality level. The proposed solution of grouping labour markets is based on three criteria: the size of the labour market measured by a number of jobs, the weight of the labour market expressed with a proportion of the number of jobs to the size of the population and that scale of the impact that is a proportion of the commuters to the ones leaving for work. As a result of the assumed criteria the municipalities have been grouped according to their meaning on the labour market, at the same time identifying weaker and stronger labour markets. The first stage of the research was to divide the municipal labour markets according to the number of the employed. As a result territorial units were grouped into 4 classes (small, medium, big and huge) including in total 9 subclasses. Then the municipal labour markets were sorted according to their weight and the scale of their impact, verifying their position in this way. The research pointed out that a lot of labour markets in the Katowice conurbation showed lower levels than the assumptions. Consequently, it suggests polarization of the labour market of this urban unit that is mainly focused on Katowice and Gliwice. Higher parameters than the assumed ones were reached by several municipalities that are small or medium labour markets. In many cases these are municipalities where there are huge businesses connected with coal mining. A beneficial situation was noted in the southern part of the province that has a relatively steady situation on the labour market. The presented classification of labour markets can support the management process of local and regional development.
EN
Increased geopolitical competition and growing economic nationalism after 2014 have gradually started to slow the trend of liberalization of international trade. Relations among certain national states have turned into trade wars – a hybrid phenomenon shaped at the intersection of geopolitics and geoeconomics. The paper explores global and regional trends in trade regulations introduced by the world’s largest economies and, at the same time, its major military powers. The G20 countries’ role in these processes was illustrated through references to empirical data on the dynamics of the introduced trade regulations in 2009–2018. The effectiveness of the regulations index is proposed. Apart from the harm that deepening such negative trends in the global geostrategic balance does to broader bilateral relations, the role of trade wars in re-shaping globalization’s established conditions is also discussed.
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EN
The purpose of this study is to assess changes connected with the social and economic development of some particular municipalities with a border crossing within their area. The study is an attempt to indicate differences in the shape of development processes dependent on the type of the border (points of contact of ‘old’ and ‘new’ EU countries, other countries). The distinctness of legal situations on both sides of the border as well as economic differences related to those result in diversity of the dynamics of the development in the municipalities. Depending on their disposition, factors such as differences in the value of the GDP and the price levels can be either stimulants or barriers of the development of such units.
PL
Celem opracowania jest ocena przemian związanych z rozwojem społeczno – gospodarczym wybranych gmin posiadających na swoim terenie przejścia graniczne. Praca jest próba wskazania różnic w kształtowaniu sie procesów rozwoju w zależności od typu pogranicza (styk „starych” i „nowych” państw UE, UE inne kraje). Odmienność sytuacji prawnej po obu stronach granicy, a także związane z nimi różnice ekonomiczne stanowią przyczynę zróżnicowania dynamiki rozwoju gmin. Czynniki takie jak różnice w wartości PKB oraz w poziomie cen mogą w zależności od ich układu stać sie zarówno stymulantami, jak i barierami rozwoju granicznych jednostek
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2019
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tom 26
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nr 1
61-80
EN
The article presents, in a multifaceted manner, the changes that occurred in urban electric transport in Ukraine after 1991. The purpose of the article is to research the diversification of the degree and directions of development and transformation of urban electric transport systems in the context of the transport policy. The legal and financial conditions for the functioning and development of the system are discussed, and a SWOT analysis of the current situation is carried out. In order to assess the direction of the changes occurring on individual networks, a synthetic index was used, constructed on the basis of the statistical data from 25 years available. The research has shown that in 1991‒2016, in the vast majority of Ukrainian cities there was a regression in urban electric transport, the largest in the east of Ukraine. That was of a bipartite nature: in the first years it practically applied to all networks, later a polarization in cities occurred ‒ in parts of cities the situation of urban electric transport has improved slightly. In the context of numerous diagnosed problems, the challenges faced by urban electric transport in Ukraine were indicated.
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