The subject of analysis in the article is a relation between irony and satire understood as discursive practice. Putting under scrutiny the concept of the satirical text proposed by Paul Simpson in his work On the Discourse of Satire, the author argues that irony understood as a form of expression is not a constructive element of satire.
Przedmiotem analizy w artykule jest relacja między parodią i satyrą. Odwołując się do, zaproponowanej przez Paula Simpsona w On the Discourse of Satire, koncepcji satyry jako praktyki dyskursywnej, autorka wskazuje na przyczyny nieporozumień interpretacyjnych wynikających z zastosowania parodii w tekście satyrycznym. Jej zdaniem parodia utrudnia identyfikację intencji satyrycznej, zwłaszcza wtedy, gdy obiektem parodii jest tekst literacki o wysokich walorach artystycznych. W niektórych przypadkach niemożliwe okazuje się jednoznaczne rozstrzygnięcie, czy parodiowany tekst służy jedynie satyrycznemu ukazaniu pewnych aspektów rzeczywistości pozaliterackiej, czy jest również obiektem krytyki.
EN
The subject of analysis in this article is a relation between parody and satire. With reference to the concept of satire as a discursive practice proposed by Paul Simpson in his work On the Discourse of Satire, the author points out the reasons for interpretative misunderstandings caused by the application of parody in a satirical text. She claims that parody makes it difficult to identify a satirical intention, especially when the object of parody is a literary text of great significance. In certain cases it seems impossible to decide unambiguously whether a parodied text is only used to satirize some aspects of non-literary reality or is also a satirical target itself.
In the article, the author analyses the satirical works by Julian Tuwim published in his poetic collections. By indicating the strong bonds between poetry and satire in the poet’s works, the author explains the phenomenon of the unwavering topicality of Tuwim’s satire having generalising ambitions. She has considered the poet’s masterful combination of the poetic perspective with the attitude of a satirist as a factor which enables the generalisation of the critical diagnosis. However, she argues that the universal dimension of his wide-scope satirical works is mainly determined by the poet’s worldview-based horizons, which constituted the point of reference for his critical evaluation of the existing social reality, which exposed the destructive influence of a community on an individual. She also stated that he was able to peer deep into the mentality of the mindless members of the “tyrannous community” by virtue of his distance towards himself, in turn being the result of his sense of the absurdity of his own existence.
The article constitutes an analysis of the concept of satire as a discursive practice proposed by Paul Simpson. What the author considers the main forte of Simpson's model is its definition of the nature of satire without references to the categories of “satirical intent” and the “ideology” of the satirist. The author claims that such an approach allows a new perspective on the way literary satire is perceived.
The problem of low interest of Polish literary scholars in the satire is discussed in the article. The author points to the need for a deeper reflection on this phenomenon, aimed at restoring the term “satire” as necessary neutral for effective use in the analytical-interpretative practice. Taking into account the autocratic potential of satire, the author suggests to look at it as a form of challenge to the reader, which provokes the search for a “new perspective”.
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