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2013
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tom R. 16, nr 3
21--23
PL
W tekście opisano szczegółowe zasady tworzenia specyfikacji technicznej potrzebnej do opracowania kosztorysu inwestorskiego - jakie elementy powinna zawierać, dla kogo jest przeznaczona, jakie są jej rodzaje. Do artykułu dołączony został przykład specyfikacji technicznej na roboty malarskie.
EN
In the text there is a detailed description of rules how to create an investment estimate and of the elements that an estimate should include, as well as for whom it is dedicated. An example of technical documentation is attached.
PL
Rusztowania są nieodłącznym elementem wielu robót budowlanych. Autorka opisuje typy rusztowań i ich nakłady rzeczowe i wynikające z nich koszty bezpośrednie. Podaje także przykładowe kalkulacje pracy rusztowań (z uwzględnieniem kosztów robocizny, materiałów oraz sprzętu montażowego).
EN
Scaffolding is an indispensable element of numerous building works. The author describes types of scaffolding, its units cots and consequent direct costs. He also gives examples of work calculations of scaffolding (considering the cost of labour, materials, assembly and disassembly).
4
Content available Copper in Ausferritic Compacted Graphite Iron
63%
EN
This paper shows how it is possible to obtain an ausferrite in compacted graphite iron (CGI) without heat treatment of castings. Vermicular graphite in cast iron was obtained using Inmold technology. Molybdenum was used as alloying additive at a concentration from 1.6 to 1.7% and copper at a concentration from 1 to 3%. It was shown that ausferrite could be obtained in CGI through the addition of molybdenum and copper in castings with a wall thickness of 3, 6, 12 and 24 mm. Thereby the expensive heat treatment of castings was eliminated. The investigation focuses on the influence of copper on the crystallization temperature of the graphite eutectic mixture in cast iron with the compacted graphite. It has been shown that copper increases the eutectic crystallization temperature in CGI. It presents how this element influences ausferrite microhardness as well as the hardness of the tested iron alloy. It has been shown that above-mentioned properties increases with increasing the copper concentration.
EN
In the article we were studing the impact of the remelting on transformations in Co-Cr-Mo prosthetics alloy. The TDA curves were analyzed, the microstructure was examined, the analysis of the chemical composition and hardness using the Brinell method was made. It was found that the obtained microstructure of the alloys that we studied do not differ significantly. In all four samples, microscopic images were similar to each other. The volume, size and distribution of the phases remain similar. Analysis of the chemical composition showed that all the samples fall within the compositions provided for the test alloy. Further to this the hardness of the samples, regardless of the number of remeltings did not show any significant fluctuations and remained within the error limit. After analyzing all the results, it can be concluded that the remeltings of the alloys should not have a significant impact on their properties. Secondarily melted alloys can be used for prosthetics works.
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