Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Bílá hora ve stínu Mariánského sloupu:

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Pánek J. , Miller S.

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nr 4

867-892

EN

In 2020, the 400th anniversary of the Battle of White Mountain (a defeat of the Protestant Bohemian estates by the armies of Emperor Ferdinand II and the Catholic League, 8 November 1620) intersected with the erection of the renewed Marian Column on Old Town Square in Prague (the original Baroque column was demolished after the fall of the Habsburg monarchy on 3 November 1918). These two events were marked by a significant resonance in the media. The article evaluates how the Catholic, Protestant and Hussite Churches or the journalism not tied to the ecclesiastical structures reacted to these controversial events. It demonstrates the impact of the struggles between Catholics and Protestants in the 17th century on contemporary religious controversies and on ecumenical endeavours, media propaganda and historical consciousness in the 21st century.

2

Královské dvory Jiřího z Poděbrad, Vladislava II. a Ludvíka Jagellonského: stav výzkumu

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Kozák P. , Miller S.

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tom 122

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nr 2

323-348

EN

The study presents an annotated summary of research results achieved by Czech historiography in the field of research into the courts of the Bohemian kings of the post-Hussite period: George of Poděbrady (1458–1471) and the Jagiellonian monarchs, Vladislaus II of Hungary (1471–1516) and Louis II of Hungary (1516–1526). The author notes the overall unsatisfactory state of research on the Bohemian royal courts of the late Middle Ages, especially when it comes to basic structural-personnel analyses. The paper points to the causes of this situation and draws attention to the interpretative limits that arise from it. It sees the starting point in basic source heuristics and work cooperation on the international level.

3

Dějiny archivů a archivnictví jako téma. Podněty a stav výzkumu

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Velička T. , Miller S.

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2023

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tom 121

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nr 3

781-805

EN

The presented study aims to present the latest trends in contemporary archival historiography. The emphasis is placed on presenting the change in how archival history is perceived that has taken place over the last two to three decades. At the same time, the study introduces the most frequent topics that contemporary European archival historiography deals with. It is possible to mention here both an interest defined institutionally and chronologically (the development of the archive or archives in a certain period), as well as one that is governed by subject criteria (relocated archives, destroyed archives, archives in the service of totalitarian regimes). All these tendencies lead to a significantly broader contextualisation of the insight into the history of archival science. The conclusion of the study is a brief presentation of the current state of Czech research and its (un)openness to the foreign trends presented above.

4

Role šlechty v utváření evangelické církevní organizace v Čechách a na Moravě před rokem 1620:

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Hrdlička J. , Miller S.

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nr 4

1018-1063

EN

Based on the edited accessible Evangelical church orders issued between 1520 and 1620 for the Bohemian and Moravian noble estates, the study analyses the role of the nobility in both crown lands in the shaping of the evangelical church organisation. It deals with the building of a higher level of evangelical ecclesiastical administration on the estates of reformminded aristocrats. It devotes greater attention to the role of the nobility in the efforts for the constitution of the new evangelical organisations, which emerged in some parts of Moravia in the last third of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries and affected a wider territory. The impulse for these endeavours in Moravia was the decline of the power of the Prague Utraquist consistory. In the case of the Kingdom of Bohemia, the study notes the efforts of the non-Catholic estates to renew supervision over the consistory, which they had lost in the middle of the 16th century and were only able to regain in 1609.

5

Stát jako výsledek kulturního procesu: vyústění diskuze o absolutismu v evropské historiografii

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Hrbek J. , Miller S.

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tom 122

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nr 2

251-296

EN

The study builds on the author’s earlier research, in which he reflected on professional discussions about the term “absolutism” in European historiography of the 20th century. It tries to capture the broader context of the political history of the early modern period, especially the creation of the state as (to this day) the dominant political discourse and the basic communication structure of society. In his study, the author presents a summary of different approaches to the problem of the emergence of the state, especially the sociological and the culturally anthropological approaches. At the same time, he touches on areas that, thanks to these views to the political history of the early modern period, have undergone significant methodological changes in recent decades, such as the history of administration, the history of diplomacy or the history (emergence) of the public. An integral part of the treatise is also a critical reflection of terms that historians, sociologists, and cultural anthropologists use to describe the development of the state in the 16th to 18th centuries, such as bureaucratisation, the fiscal-military state, the mediality of power or competition of norms.

6

Nevěsta Dobrava a obrácení knížete Měška (genealogické, politické a transformační aspekty)

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Vaníček V. , Miller S.

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nr 2

307-334

EN

The marriage of Princess Dobrava to Prince Mieszko I is a specific example of acculturation in Central-Eastern Europe, when Christianity came from Bohemia, which was just striving to emancipate its own diocese, further east, to emerging Poland. The study first addresses the genealogical issues of the Boleslaus I family and considers the identification of Dobrava’s mother (Biagota?, Slavník family?). The impulse for the Christianisation of Poland was the defeat in 963; Prince Mieszko needed military allies and a certain crisis of identity can be expected (“culture shock” – the disfavour of ethnic “daemons”). The chronicle of Thietmar of Merseburg rather obscured the information about the marriage, through a certain unfavorability towards Mieszko and especially towards his son Bolesław. The baptism took place before the establishment of the diocese, a cultural transfer “from court to court”, from Prague to Poznań, perhaps due to the similarities between the Czech and Polish dynastic traditions. The goals of Mieszko’s marriage were achieved in 967 (victory of the combined Polish-Bohemian army over Wichmann, birth of a son Bolesław).

7

Čestné měšťanství a občanství jako konfliktní pole politických vztahů: české země 1849-1920

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Lhoták J. , Miller S.

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nr 4

1111-1149

EN

The presented paper deals with the symbolic institute of honorary burgher status and citizenship, which arose from the originally medieval granting of burgher rights and after 1850 became a fixed part of the legislation of municipal foundations as a manifestation of the highest honour that local governments could endow. In its first part, the study follows the legislative development within the Austrian Empire (Austria-Hungary) with special attention to the Czech lands. The second part then, using the example of specific cases, formulates a thesis about the conflicting dimension of honorary burgher status/citizenship against the background of political struggles, conditioned by the electoral participation of its laureates – first in the struggles between conservatism and liberalism, later in the national dimension and struggles for national emancipation. The conclusion of the study approximates the demise of the honorary burgher status and its narrowing into a purely symbolic institute, which, however, continues to express periodconditioned political awards and preferences.

8

Veřejná shromáždění a státní moc (První máje v českých zemích 1918-1938):

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Horák P. , Miller S.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2020

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tom 118

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nr 2

388-415

EN

This paper deals with the approach of state power to public assemblies in interwar Czechoslovakia. It broaches the question of what the state-political authorities considered to be the limit of public order, which could not be crossed at political manifestations. Second, the paper focuses on the question of who determined the approach to public assemblies in the structure of the political administration. The issue is monitored within the manifestation culture of May Day. This holiday offers a defined field in which it is possible to study the ways in which the interwar state and its apparatus of political administration sought in practice the relationship between the guarantee of civil liberties (assembly or freedom of speech) and the protection of state authority.

9

Proměna nobilitační politiky podunajské monarchie po roce 18481

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Županič J. , Miller S.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2019

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tom 117

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nr 3

535-585

EN

After 1848, most of the noble privileges were cancelled in the Danube Monarchy and noble titles transformed into a special form of state honour, the character of which was exceptional in its form. Nobilitation ad personam never occurred, because it contradicted Hungarian law. The nobility was the appreciation of merit as such; the title, which in the previous centuries represented an important symbol of the social and power position of the individual and the family, was newly dependent only on the position honoured on the social ladder. In that, the state logically favoured civil servants (officials and officers). A slightly different aristocratic policy was practiced in Austria and Hungary. The extraordinary increase in nobilitations that occurred after the middle of the 19th century and the weakening of the position of the nobility as a result of the changes after 1848 resulted in the closure of the family aristocracy and it further deepened the already deep moat between the old and the new nobility. The failed policy of creation of the elites is one of the causes of the rapid abolition of aristocracy after 1918.

10

Falcká diplomacie mezi Heidelberkem, Mnichovem a Prahou na počátku českého stavovského povstání:

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Bůžek V. , Miller S.

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nr 4

964-999

EN

The opponents of Catholicism in the Holy Roman Empire already took an interest in the religious opinions and political positions of the non-Catholic nobility in the Kingdom of Bohemia in the first decades of the 17th century. Among them, the Electors of the Palatinate occupied a decisive place, who transformed their seat in Heidelberg into a centre of Calvinism and leading the Protestant Union. A few years before the outbreak of the Bohemian Revolt, the Elector of the Palatinate Frederick V sought to ensure that his diplomats established personal ties with the main representatives of non-Catholic estates in the Kingdom of Bohemia, because he expected them to support the Union’s anti-Habsburg policy. After the Prague defenestration, he used his diplomats to find a non-violent solution to the religious conflict between the Bohemian non-Catholics and the Habsburg monarch. The decisive role of power in his diplomatic considerations was played by the Duke of Bavaria Maximilian I. Although he temporarily disbanded the Catholic League, his residence in Munich remained a solid pillar of Catholicism in the Holy Roman Empire. Before the outbreak of the Bohemian Revolt, the political communication between Heidelberg, Munich and Prague was most significantly influenced by the governor of Upper Palatinate Christian I of Anhalt-Bernburg, whose steps were followed by Ludwig Camerarius and Achaz von Dohna. Despite the gaps in the preserved sources, it was possible not only to recognise the indi- vidual steps of the mentioned Palatinate diplomats and their influence on the political decision-making of the main representatives of the non-Catholic estates of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Duke of Bavaria but through a discursive and semantic analysis of the diplomatic documents also to look into their thought-world.

11

Sňatek Viléma z Rožmberka a Anny Marie Bádenské

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Bůžek V. , Miller S.

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tom 119

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nr 3

565-611

EN

The study focuses on the knowledge of the preparations, the role of kinship, ceremonial, the political and religious significance of the third wedding of Vilém of Rosenberg (1535–1592) and Anna Maria of Baden (1562–1583), which took place on the 27th to the 29th of January 1578 in Český Krumlov, where the groom had his main family residence. Vilém of Rosenberg came from an ancient aristocratic family, whose rulers held the foremost place in the Kingdom of Bohemia after the monarch. He was born into the marriage of Jošt III of Rosenberg and Anna of Roggendorf. His first two wives, coming from the princely families of the Holy Roman Empire, were Lutherans. Anna Maria of Baden was the daughter of the Margrave of Baden Philibert and archduchess of Bavaria Matilda of Wittelsbach. When she was orphaned, she was raised with her brother and two sisters in the strictly Catholic milieu of the court of her uncle Albrecht V of Wittelsbach in Munich. In the background of the wedding was Ferdinand of Tyrol, who expected from the new marital alliance strengthening of the Catholicism of the political axis between Innsbruck, Munich, Prague and Vienna. Rudolf II agreed with the creation of the marital alliance, who appreciated in the supreme burgrave of the Kingdom of Bohemia the deep nobility of his family and faithful service to the Habsburgs. In negotiating the terms of the marriage, Vilém of Rosenberg was supported in Munich by Brandenburg Elector Johann Georg of Hohenzollern and the Saxon Elector August of the Wettin family, with whom he was connected by kinship ties. The largest exchange of views was evoked in the correspondence of Albrecht V of Wittelsbach and Vilém of Rosenberg by the wedding ceremony based on the exact sequence of steps, which included the reception of the sacrament of the altar, wedding reception, toast, dance, virgin sacrifice, exchange of wedding gifts and subsequent thanksgiving, chivalric entertainment, fireworks and probably also the reading of celebratory poems. After concluding the marriage, Vilém of Rosenberg expanded his kinship ties to the imperial nobility of the Catholic faith. It was not only his brother-in-law Philip II of Baden, but also both sisters-in-law married after the death of their sister to important princely and countly families of the Holy Roman Empire.

12

Aristokracie práce a výzva socialismu. Typografové v Praze v kontextu proměn předlitavské dělnické kultury v letech 1890-1914

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Raška J. , Miller S.

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nr 2

371-407

EN

This study deals with skilled employees of Prague book printers at the turn of the 20th century. Typographers have traditionally had a reputation as elite and elitist workers. In addition, they were active participants in public patriotic life in Prague in the 1860s-1880s. After 1890, however, their main provincial organisation, the Typographic Club, became involved in building a united workers’ movement under the auspices of socialism. The study examines the activities of several typographers-socialists within the structures of social democracy and the reaction of skilled typographers, i.e., the members of the Typographic Club, to the change of rhetoric and strategies of their organisation. It also focuses on how the Typographic Club mastered some cultural practices of the socialist movement (e.g., May Day celebrations, engagement in a unified socialist educational institution or the change in the relationship with unskilled workers). Using the example of the engagement of the Typographic Club in the Dělnická knihtiskárna a nakladatelství [Workers’ Printing Office and Publishing House], it shows the conflicting areas in which the typographic organisation began to split ideologically at the end of the century.

13

Kontinuita farní správy jako problém náboženských dějin Čech a Moravy v předbělohorské době

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Hrdlička J. , Miller S.

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2023

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tom 121

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nr 3

737-780

EN

One of the manifestations of multi-denominational coexistence in the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Margraviate of Moravia between the Hussite Revolution and the year 1620 was the competition of individual confessions (apart from the Unity of Brethren) for the existing network of parishes as the fundamental unit of church administration. The study seeks an answer to the question of how the landed gentry tried to guarantee that the parishes on their estates, over which they held the right of patronage, would belong to their faith in the future, as was currently the case. It is mainly concentrated on localities owned by the nobility, who were the owners of the right of presentation (a patron’s right to propose a suitable person for a benefice to the ecclesiastical superiors) to approximately three-quarters of all parish churches.

14

Nové pojetí dějin studené války v anglosaské historiografii. Analýza základních tendencí a přístupů tzv. New Cold War History

100%

Beneš L. , Miller S.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2022

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tom 120

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nr 1

177-194

EN

The study aims to present the main theoretical foundation of a new type of Cold War historiography, so-called New Cold War History, the origin of which was significantly contributed to by the work of the Norwegian historian Odd A. Westad. The subject of interest is the analysis of the starting points of this type of research and its comparison with the traditional methods of the history of the Cold War. There is also an outline of its basic development trends and inspirations in the field of cultural and transnational history. In the conclusion, the most important objects of research are described, for which the use of theoretical knowledge of New Cold War History seems appropriate, and there is a basic typology of the primary feature of this new way of researching the Cold War, i.e., the contact of actors through the Iron Curtain.

15

Humanitní vědy a vzdělanci v 19. a 20. století

100%

Pešek J. , Miller S.

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nr 1

17-31

EN

The paper monitors the transformations of the position of the humanities and scholars in the 19th and 20th centuries. It shows the more or less unexpected acquisition of influence and power in society by a group of educated people in the service of the state or country. They were legitimized by their competence in the humanities – especially those linked to the ancient cultural heritage and secured by university certificates. The prestige capital of this professional group or perhaps even social class was great. They stood out for the 19th century, a time when only a small part of the population possessed full active literacy, the ability to formulate and communicate the problems of society and the time. Already at the beginning of the 20th century, their influence in society began to weaken, two world wars and the modernization and technology of the second half of the century significantly reduced their social role. However, the critical competence of historians and other humanities scholars is socially indispensable even today.

16

Programové strategie politického boje o moravský venkov v éře masové komunikace:

100%

Cibulka P. , Miller S.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2020

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tom 118

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nr 2

324-362

EN

The submitted study deals with an analysis of the programme texts of the political parties oriented mainly on the Moravian and Bohemian rural areas in the period from the end of the 19th century to World War I. Its goal is to examine social and national collective self-identification in the Czech lands in this period. A comparison of the political programs of the Old Czechs, the Young Czechs, the Agrarians and the Clericals is intended to help determine how the relevant political parties have been able to influence the political attitudes of the peasantry. The text also deals with the development of agricultural associations and cooperatives in the Czech lands and their connection to the political structures of individual parties.

17

Rytmus veřejných festivit : české národní slavnosti v 60. a 70. letech 19. století

100%

Šima K. , Miller S.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2019

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tom 117

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nr 1

94-122

EN

This study argues that national festivals can be analysed as specific space-time entities that construct meanings related to the Nation and thus help to sediment national identity. Based on works of M. Maurer and M. Ozouf the author explores the festive space-time in three phases: parade, settling and festive act that reflect three vectors of festive culture, ie. dynamization, stabilisation and concentration. On examples from Czech national festive culture in 1860s and 1870s the detailed effects of this space-time are shown.

18

Historický atlas měst České republiky - 25 let práce, 30 vydaných svazků. (Ohlédnutí a zamyšlení nad dvojím jubileem):

100%

Ledvinka V. , Miller S.

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nr 4

1112-1129

EN

The treatise recapitulates the origin and twenty-five-year history of the publication of the Historical Atlas of the Towns of the Czech Republic, appreciates the work of its editorial board and scientific editorial staff. It evaluates the thirty volumes published in the context of a pan-European project of the historical atlases of towns coordinated since 1968 by the International Commission for the History of Towns. It considers the conception and perspective of the Historical Atlas of the Cities of the Czech Republic in the next stage of its publication.

19

Otec české královny Blanky z Valois a jeho knížecí zrcadlo

100%

Nejedlý M. , Miller S.

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tom 119

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nr 1

32-73

EN

Charles of Valois, the father of the future Bohemian queen Blanche, was one of the most famous patrons of his time. Besides chronicles, travelogues, medical manuals and an epic about Charlemagne, a code was created for him around 1320, the core of which is a book about Fauvel, a brazen horse who declared himself king. It was basically a princely mirror, thus a treatise on exemplary and bad governance. The work was written by two notaries of the royal chancellery, whose political views were in line with the ideas of Charles of Valois. Their ideal of sovereign rule turned to the past, the model was St Louis, but, in addition to the book itself, the codex also contains other verse and musical compositions, illuminations and a tendentious chronicle of recent events. One can consider his knowledge of 14th century Bohemia under the reign of the Luxembourgs (e.g., the fresco in Strakonice, verses by Guillaume de Machaut).

20

Současný stav společenskovědní bibliografie v českých zemích

100%

Horčáková V. , Kubíček J. , Miller S.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2019

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tom 117

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nr 3

666-694

EN

The analysis of the bibliographic production issued by specialized workplaces and libraries in last decade evaluates the field, personal and regional inventories published in book, journal or electronic form. It acquaints the reader with conferences devoted to the contemporary problems of bibliography. It describes the content and method of processing bibliographic inventories of history, literature and other fields of the social sciences, which have been published since 2009 in the Czech lands.