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Skupina Nahoru po schodišti dolů band a státní moc. Příspěvek k dějinám neoficiální hudební scény 80. let

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Bárta J.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

2011

nr 3

383-413

The author discusses the Nahoru po schodišti dolů band (The Up the Down Staircase Band) as one of the groups representing the special music and social phenomenon called New Wave, which appeared in Communist Czechoslovakia in the early 1980s. He fi rst describes the phenomenon generally, placing it in the social and cultural context of the times, and then defines the ‘Czech New Wave’, which, despite its ambiguity, he understands as a generation of original music groups with clear social features in the first half of the 1980s. He also points out the influences of this music trend, its intellectual essence, the distinctive use of Czech in its lyrics, and also the range of styles of the groups that claimed to be part of the Czech New Wave. Among the characteristic features of their works, the author mentions the use of humour, irony, and sarcasm, which were supported by the eccentric appearance of their shows. The author also points out the clash between Punk and New Wave on the one hand and sanctioned arts policy and the state institutions in charge of implementing it on the other, which saw both Punk and New Wave as a form of ‘ideological deviation’. He also emphasizes, however, the utterly apolitical character of both trends. This régime interpretation is illustrated in particular with the infamous article ‘Nová vlna se starým obsahem’ (A New Wave with Old Content), published in the ideological weekly Tribuna in March 1983, and then with a description of the bureaucratic mechanisms that sought to get rid of nonconformist music groups, in particular the cancelation of agreements to perform under a certain patron. The second part of the article considers the story of the Nahoru po schodišti dolů band, which was founded in 1983, illustrating their genre with examples of their lyrics. The group’s career was considerably infl uenced by their concert in the Za Větrem restaurant, Prague, in June 1984, which ended with a police raid. Using secret-police documents together with oral testimony by members of the group, the author reconstructs the event and the police investigation and the bans on giving concerts, which followed it. Despite the bans on performing in certain parts of Prague and the repeated cancellation of agreements to perform after the secret-police intervention, however, the group, rather than disband, again carried on in the late 1980s. From this case, the author draws conclusions about the effectiveness of ideologically motivated restrictions on pop music in the context of nascent Czechoslovak perestroika in the middle of the decade.

Istanbulská úmluva o prevenci a potírání násilí vůči ženám - dočká se naší ratifikace?

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Bárta J.

Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

2019

tom 158

nr 8

803-818

Substantive regulations of the said Council of Europe Convention are critically examined, and compared to the earlier UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), 1979. History of the adoption of the text appears to be a factor for the contents. Discussions in the Czech Republic so far have been centred around the question whether the Istanbul Convention does or does not imply changes in applicable national law. This author, however, sees as a main problem not the substantive rules of the Convention, but rather its Monitoring mechanism, notably the GREVIO. Future evaluations and requirements by the Monitoring mechanism are not predictable which is due to the poorness of substantive regulations; the author’s conclusion is, the Istanbul Convention should never be ratified.

Kriticky se zkoumají materiální ustanovení Istanbulské úmluvy a porovnávají se se starší úmluvou OSN o odstranění všech forem diskriminace žen („CEDAW“, 1979). Historie přijetí textu se jeví jako faktor jejího obsahu. Diskuse v ČR se až dosud koncentrují na otázku, zda Istanbulská úmluva vyžaduje anebo nevyžaduje provedení změn v našem platném právu. Autor ale hlavní problém vidí nikoliv v materiálních ustanoveních úmluvy, nýbrž v jejím kontrolním mechanismu, zejména v GREVIO. Budoucí hodnocení a požadavky kontrolního mechanismu nejsou předvídatelné, a to v důsledku nedostatečných materiálních ustanovení; autorův závěr je, že Istanbulská úmluva by neměla být ratifikována vůbec.