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Revision of the Chilean genus Diastoleus Solier (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), with a preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Scotobiini

100%

Silvestro V. A.

Annales Zoologici

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2019

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tom 69

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nr 1

EN

The genus Diastoleus Solier (Tenebrioninae: Scotobiini) is composed of four species restricted to north-central Chile. Representatives of this genus are adapted to inhabit xeric environments. In this paper the genus is revised using external features, new genitalic characters, and internal morphology. A new species, D. costalenissp. nov., is described from Paposo, Antofagasta, northwestern Chile. Habitat records, distribution map, habitus photographs, drawings of metendosternites and aedeagi are included. A cladistic analysis was conducted to test the monophyly of the genus within the tribe Scotobiini.

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Description of the egg and first-instar larva of Scotobius pilularius Germar, 1823 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Scotobiini), and analysis of larval primary chaetotaxy

63%

Silvestro V. A. , Michat M. C.

Annales Zoologici

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2016

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tom 66

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nr 4

EN

Larval morphology of the New World tenebrionid genus Scotobius Germar is studied based on a description of the first instar of S. pilularius Germar, with emphasis on chaetotaxic analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, and thoracic and abdominal segments. This represents the first description of a larva of Scotobius, and the first detailed treatment of the larval primary chaetotaxy pattern of a tenebrionid. A short description and photographs of the eggs are also provided, which are deposited individually and agglutinate small substrate particles. As remarkable characteristics of the studied larvae, the sclerome is a simple oval structure, the tergum IX is acuminate posteriorly, the segment X is extremely small and almost completely concealed by the sternum IX, and prothoracic legs are somewhat more robust than the meso- and metathoracic pairs, which is generally the case in soil-dwelling larvae. Some discussion is provided on a long-standing controversy regarding homology and terminology of the last leg segments in coleopteran larvae.

3

Notes on types of some species described by billberg and germar belonging to the South American Genera Scotobius Germar, 1823 and Nyctelia Berthold, 1827 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), with new synonymies and taxonomic implications

63%

Silvestro V. A. , Flores G. E.

Annales Zoologici

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2016

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tom 66

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nr 4

EN

The genera Scotobius (Tenebrioninae) and Nyctelia (Pimeliinae), both widely distributed in southern South America, are two of the three most species-rich genera in Argentina and constitute the type genera of the tribes Scotobiini and Nycteliini respectively. Study of type material from species described by Billberg (1815) and Germar (1823), as well as bibliographical research, indicates the need for nomenclatural changes in both genera. A new synonymy within the genus Scotobius Germar, 1823 is proposed: Scotobius crispatus Germar, 1823 with S. miliaris (Billberg, 1815). Scotobius brevicollis Kulzer, 1955 stat. n., originally described as a subspecies of S. crispatus, is elevated to species status. Scotobius pilularius Germar, 1823 is restored from its synonymy with S. miliaris and is the valid name of the type species of the genus. Supporting references are included for the preservation of the genus name Nyctelia Berthold, 1827 (22 September) nom. protectum, which is given precedence over Nyctelius Guérin-Méneville, 1827 (18 August) nom. oblitum under Article 23.9. Zophosis picipes Billberg, 1815 is restored from its synonymy with Nyctelia brunnipes Latreille, 1804 (correct year 1828) and transferred to the genus Nyctelia. Six new synonymies are proposed: Nyctelia nodosa (Germar, 1823) with N.picipes (Billberg, 1815), N. brunnipes Guérin-Méneville, 1834 with N. picipes (Billberg, 1815), N. nigripes Solier, 1836 with N. picipes (Billberg, 1815), N. aequicostata Solier, 1836 with N. picipes (Billberg, 1815), N. angustata Waterhouse, 1841 with N. picipes (Billberg, 1815), and N. quadricollis Fairmaire, 1905 with N.picipes (Billberg, 1815). Based on the these synonymies, the valid name for Zophosis nodosa, the type species of Nyctelia by monotypy, is Zophosis picipes Billberg, 1815. Lectotypes are designated for Scotobius crispatus Germar, 1823, S. pilularius Germar, 1823, S. varicosus Germar, 1823 and Zophosis nodosa Germar, 1823. Scotobius pilularius is recorded for the first time in Chile.

4

First fossil assemblage of darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Buenos Aires, Argentina: evidence of dry climate during the late Pleistocene in the humid Pampas

51%

Ramirez L. C. , Carrara R. , Silvestro V. A. , Flores G. E.

Annales Zoologici

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2016

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tom 66

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nr 4

EN

Late Pleistocene outcrops exposed in Buenos Aires province, Argentina, represent one of the most informative sources for paleoecological studies on South American fauna and flora. Several proxies have been used for studying Pleistocene environmental conditions in the Pampas, but only a few were based on paleoentomological data. The aims of this study are to present the first record of three species of darkling beetles from the late Pleistocene of Buenos Aires province and to provide new paleoenvironmental information. The sediments containing fossil insects correspond to the Guerrero Member of the Luján Formation and were dated between 12,100 ± 100 14C BP and 13,400 ± 200 14C BP. Specimens of Nyctelia picipes (Billberg), Epipedonota cristallisata Waterhouse and Scotobius pilularius Germar were identified. To provide information about past climate, the particular climate requirements of these species were analyzed by using the Mutual Climatic Range method. This association could indicate the first pulse of post-glacial climate recovery and the replacement by the insect fauna currently inhabiting the area. This study is one of the first approaches to the Quaternary paleoentomology of Argentina, and highlights the potential of paleoentomological information, when evaluated in combination with previous knowledge on global climate conditions after the last glacial maximum.

5

Disentangling the effect of climate and human influence on distribution patterns of the darkling beetle Scotobius pilularius Germar, 1823 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

45%

Carrara R. , Silvestro V. A. , Cheli G. H. , Campon F. F. , Flores G. E.

Annales Zoologici

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2016

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tom 66

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nr 4

EN

Scotobius pilularius Germar 1823 (Tenebrioninae: Scotobiini) is mainly distributed in natural temperate and mesic grasslands of the Pampean biogeographic province. However, it is also found in climatically extreme environments such as cold and dry grasslands within the Patagonian biogeographic province. In these extreme environments, S. pilularius is found outside of natural habitats, in areas associated with human settlements. In the present paper, the role of climatic conditions and human settlements as determinants of the observed spatial distribution of S. pilularius in its natural distribution and outside that area is assessed. Three following hypotheses are tested: species occurrence is determined by i) climate; or ii) human settlements; or iii) both climate and human settlements. The results suggest that, while the climate and human settlements hypothesis is consistent with the data acquired within the S. pilularius natural distribution area, only the human influence hypothesis significantly explains its distribution outside of its natural area. This outcome suggests that S. pilularius moved from living in a complete disassociation to human settlements or asynanthropy before human settlements in its natural area, to living in close association with human settlements or synanthropy outside of its natural area.

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An illustrated key to, and diagnoses of the species of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) associated with decaying carcasses in Argentina

45%

Aballay F. H. , Flores G. E. , Silvestro V. A. , Zanetti N. I. , Centeno N. D.

Annales Zoologici

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2016

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tom 66

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nr 4

EN

In this study we identified adults of Tenebrionidae associated mainly with pig carcasses and human cadavers lying in different arid and semiarid areas of Argentina. This article provides an illustrated key to 29 Tenebrionidae species of the potential forensic importance, accompanied by diagnoses, and habitus photographs of these taxa. The recorded species of darkling beetles belong to four subfamilies: Alleculinae (one species of Alleculini), Diaperinae (two species of Crypticini), Tenebrioninae (15 species, ten belonging to the tribe Scotobiini, three to Opatrini, two to Alphitobiini and one species of Tenebrionini), and Pimeliinae (10 species, three belonging to the tribe Epitragini, two to Evaniosomini, two to Praociini, one species from each of the tribes Trilobocarini, Edrotini and Elenophorini). A new species of Eutelocera Solier (Pimeliinae: Praociini) collected from decomposing pig carcasses is described: E. cadaverina Flores and Zanetti sp. nov. Two species are new records for Argentina: Conibius (Gondwanodilamus) franzi Kaszab and Alphitobius laevigatus (Fabricius); three species for Bolivia: Blapstinus punctulatus Solier, Salax lacordairei Guérin-Méneville, and Vaniosus profana (Kulzer); and one species for Uruguay: Blapstinus punctulatus Solier. A discussion is presented on the potential forensic importance of some species collected from human cadavers and pig carcasses.