In my paper I focus on the well-known Greek mythical as well as literary figure, known mainly from Homer’s Odyssey, Odysseus’ faithful wife, Penelope. Attention is given to the interpretation of the Homeric prototype in Modern Greek 20th century poetry. The successive metamorphoses of the image of Penelope are traced in Nikos Kazantzakis’ The Odyssey, Yiannis Ritsos’ Penelope’s Despair, Katerina Anghelaki-Rooke’s Says Penelope, Kyriakos Charalambides’ Penelope Recognizes Odysseus, Penelope’s Odysseusand Pandelis Boukalas’ Penelope. The analysis shows ambiguous attitude to the traditional image of Penelope and tendency of Modern Greek poets to demythologize her and to show the scene of anagnorisis in Homer‘s Odyssey in modern context as well as with more psychological probability.
Odyssea Nicolai Kazantzakis (1883–1957), unius ex clarissimis scriptoribus Graecis nostrorum temporum, primum typis excusa anno 1938, constat plus quam 30 000 versibus 17 syllabarum. In ea Ulixes ille Homericus occisis procis taedio Ithacae captus peregrinatur quaerens veritatem, quae mentem humanam huncque mundum excedat. Heros, sub cuius persona ipse scriptor latere videtur, abiectis omnibus, quae prius colebat, intrepide suum iter persequitur, quod potest dividi in tres partes, easdem, quas cernit in vita humana Severinus Kierkegaard: curam pulchri, iusti et divini.
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In the late 19th century, almost coinciding with the expulsion of the Ottomans from Crete, the Jesuit priest Marcin Czermiński arrived on the island. Between 1899 and 1904, this traveller from Krakow made three visits to Crete, mainly staying around the central and western parts of the island. He described his impressions in a number of publications. During his second visit (1903), Czermiński focused his attention on the most important archaeological excavations of the time. First, he visited the sites of Phaistos and Ayia Triada in southern Crete and had the opportunity to meet the pioneers of Italian archaeology, Luigi Pernier, Federico Halbherr and Roberto Paribeni. Afterwards, he visited the great palace of Knossos and finally arrived at the Heraklion museum, whose director, Iosif Hatzidakis, shared a great discovery with him.
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