The care of orphans was one of the main concerns of early modern magistrates across the whole Europe. In each country and town this care could take a completely different form, ranging from placing parentless children in asylums to assigning them to certain families. This paper deals with the problem of the orphan-care in a small town of the Great Poland region in 17th and 18th centuries, on the example of private town of Kleczew, located in the east part of the region.