Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The benefits and limitations of using blue-blocking filters – a review of results of clinical trials

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Partyka A. , Dyrek M. , Sikorski P. , Sikorska E.

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nr 1

194-200

EN

Introduction and aim. Blue light is part of the natural light spectrum and plays a role in regulating the circadian rhythm. However, with the increasing use of electronic devices and energy-efficient lighting emitting high levels of artificial blue light, concerns are raised regarding its potential effect on human health. Blue-blocking filters have been developed and are advertised as a solution to be used in spectacles or intraocular lenses. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the use of blue-blocking filters based on the results of clinical trials. Material and methods. This review included relevant original papers reporting on clinical trial results from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases using specified keywords. Analysis of the literature. Trials conducted with patients reveal mixed results, with some showing no significant changes in vision and reading abilities, while others indicating potential limitations such as reduced contrast vision. However, blue-blocking filters have demonstrated potential benefits in improving sleep quality and mood, particularly in patients with sleep disturbances or psychiatric disorders. The efficacy of blue-blocking filters in mitigating symptoms of digital eye strain remains inconclusive. Conclusion. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the benefits and limitations associated with the use of blue-blocking filters, highlighting the need for further investigation in certain areas.

2

Prolonged screen-time as the cause of ocular disorders: what can we do with the problem? – a review

75%

Dyrek M. , Sikorska E. , Partyka A. , Sikorski P. , Dusza E. , Kopacz D.

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nr 1

222-231

EN

Introduction and aim. Recently, an increased use of video display terminals has been observed in workplace environments, as a result of the evolution of communication technologies and new information-sharing strategies. It has led to an increased prevalence of computer-related ocular disorders, such as computer vision syndrome, dry eye disease, refractive errors and convergence insufficiency. In this review we describe problems associated with these disorders and propose preventive methods. Material and methods. With the use of specific keywords, the databases of the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant original papers. Analysis of the literature. The listed disorders might have similar symptoms, such as eye burning, itching, blurred vision, and tearing, and their severity correlates with the time of exposure to video display units. However, there are preventive measures, which can help in decreasing the negative effects of computers on our vision, such as adequate viewing distance, proper workspace lighting, eyeglasses with anti-glare coating, taking 5-minutes breaks after every 30 minutes, or following the 20-20-20 rule. Conclusion. Prolonged usage of the video display terminals is connected to many ocular disorders, and in today’s world, it is very important to remember actions that can be undertaken to minimize the risk.

3

The comparison between the two most common histological subtypes of breast cancer - invasive ductal and invasive lobular breast carcinoma

63%

Fudalej M. , Sobiborowicz-Sadowska A. , Mormul A. , Jopek S. , Borowiec A. , Sikorski P. , Patera J. , Deptała A. , Badowska-Kozakiewicz A. M.

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nr 1

9-15

EN

Introduction: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) occurs in 5–15% of all cases of breast cancer. In most studies, it is found to be more common among older patients, form larger tumours and present with ill-defined margins, in comparison to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Material and methods: Histological preparations were obtained from 651 patients suffering from breast cancer. Preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin were used to identify tumour type and grading. Samples underwent a basic molecular profile evaluation encompassing ER (oestrogen receptor), PR (progesterone receptor) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. Results: 592 cases of IDC and 59 cases of ILC were detected. The median age was 60 in both groups. While there were no statistically significant differences between IDC and ILC in nodal status and tumour size for all age groups, IDC was more frequently diagnosed at higher grading (G3). G3 accounted for 32% of all IDC specimens compared to only 13% of ILC specimens. In both groups, the most prevalent combination of hormone receptors was ER+/PR+/HER2-. The differences in ER and PR expression were statistically significant; both were assessed as positive in most ILC cases and just over half of IDC. No HER2 amplification was noted in most cases in both cancer subtypes. Conclusions: In our study, IDC and ILC showed no difference with respect to patients’ median age at the diagnosis and local disease advancement defined by TNM. ILC cases were hormone-dependent and HER2-negative more frequently than IDC. Grade 3 tumours accounted for a higher proportion of IDC cases. This was in line with several other clinicopathological analyses of breast cancer. However, there are also several papers indicating ILC’s association with favourable prognostic features, not only in terms of hormone receptors and HER2 expression but also tumour size and nodal involvement. This underlines the fact that clear differences between IDC and ILC prognosis still cannot be established.