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ALONG THE BORDER BETWEEN PAGANISM AND CHRISTIANITY. GRAVES WITH RITUAL FIRE HEARTHS DISCOVERED IN THE NECROPOLIS OF ALBA IULIA-‘IZVORUL ÎMPĂRATULUI’ DURING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CAMPAIGNS OF 2006 – 2007

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Dragotă A. , Popescu M.-E.

Študijné zvesti

2023

tom 70

nr 2

327 – 344

Three graves were discovered during the archaeological excavations (2006, 2007) in the cemetery of Alba Iulia-‘Izvorul Împăratului’ (Alba County, Romania). All three presented a fire hearth on the side of the burial pit. The graves share some common features, including the male sex of the deceased, the orientation on the W – E axis (grave 86; 155), except grave 168 (WSW – ENE) and the stone edging of the grave pits. The grave inventory consists of pottery (ritually broken in grave 86; 155; 168), a sickle (grave 86), steel, flint (grave 155), an arrowhead, a sabre- sword (Säbelschwert) and remains of a wooden sheath with traces of textiles (grave 168). It may not be by chance that such a ritual hearth was also set up for the leader of Gyula’s military entourage (grave 168). The role of these unique findings, appearing at the borderline between paganism and Christianity, can be correlated with the purification of the deceased before passing into the afterlife. All the elements of funerary rites and rituals allow us to place all of these burial findings in the second half of the 10th c.

GRAVES BELONGING TO THE FIRST HORIZON FROM ALBA IULIA-STAȚIA DE SALVARE. DISCOVERIES MADE DURING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FROM 1980 AND 1981

80%

Dragotă A. , Popescu M.-E. , Blăjan M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2022

tom 70

nr 1

119 – 152

The present paper discusses the analysis of the 18 graves discovered during the research carried out between 1980 and 1981 at Alba Iulia-Stația de Salvare. The following data is designed to provide additional information on the Transylvanian funerary landscape at the dawn of the Middle Ages. The research carried out at the site mentioned above has revealed some truly remarkable information about an archaeological find that is only partially understood. In terms of the grave orientation, a wide range can be observed so that one cannot highlight a predominant. All 18 uncovered graves present a diverse and numerous funerary inventory: weapons (battle axes, arrowheads, daggers), utensils (flint, knife, blades, steel, skins, burnt spindle whorls), adornments and clothing accessories (buttons, Kecel type buckles, beads, earrings, rings, bracelets, torques, pendants, appliques, coins) and pottery. In addition to these elements, remains of animal offerings deposited at the time of the deceased’s burial were discovered in the sepulchral pits. At the current research stage, it is appropriate to add the graves that are the subject of this article to the 87 found between 1981 and 1985 in the same area. Taking into account elements of rite and ritual, funerary inventory, and other conclusive aspects, one can place the graves within the first funerary horizon dated to the 9th – 10th c., when existed Bulgarian enclave in Transylvania. All these burial finds can be added to those made at Blandiana A and Sebeș (Alba County, Romania) and facilitate the idea that a Bulgarian enclave existed in the Transylvanian area in the 9th – 10th c.