It is commonly suggested that (i) Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is essential for the delivery of quality healthcare [17], and (ii) the role of doctors is crucial in the implementation of ICT-based systems in hospitals and in general practice. Based on these two premises, this paper argues for a medical informatics course for medical students. The paper outlines the content of a one-semester elective in medical informatics that was presented over eight academic years. The course pre-dates the recommendations of the International Medical Informatics Association, IMIA [7]. Nevertheless, it is compatible with the recommendations of IMIA and also with the earlier findings of the EDUCTRA study [5]. The principles formulated in this paper are presented in order to help other educationalists (i) to obtain insights and (ii) thence to assist them to engineer medical informatics changes into their medical school environments. Each time that the course was presented, participants were asked for their evaluation of the course [9]. These views were favourable. It was thought that a follow-up survey of these same respondents - now practising doctors, some of whom took the course 10 years ago - might give further insights into the relevance and value of this course. The views of these practising doctors are presented within the paper.
This paper explains the concepts of knowledge management and how these apply to healthcare. It then presents a number of knowledge management case studies in order to examine how and where knowledge management initiatives might bring benefits to healthcare organisations. In order to present a more complete picture of knowledge management, the arguments of a number of critics of the knowledge management approach are presented and analysed.
Governments across the world are launching ambitious and expensive initiatives related to health care information systems and information systems strategies that use IT as the basis for improving the health care of patients. Computer-based hospital information systems (HISs) are expensive, e.g. a typical HIS for a large hospital is estimated to cost some $50m, i.e. 140m PLN [21]. In contrast, the benefits that result from an information system - in health care or in other business sectors - have rarely been measured [9]. The National Health Service in the UK has embarked on a huge initiative, namely The National Programme for IT in the NHS (NPfIT), costing some £12.4 billion (70bn PLN) over 10 years to 2013-2014. Hospital information systems have evolved over the last three decades. Has this evolution allowed us to gain knowledge of, and understand, the problems and obstacles of HISs and their implementation? Have we a corresponding knowledge of how to achieve success and minimise failure in HIS implementations? In this context, this paper examines the NPfIT, the problems it has experienced and the successes it has achieved, in order to extract lessons from these experiences that might benefit future information and communication technology (ICT) implementations in health care.
The expectation that computer networks combined with the Internet and associated technologies will be common in all businesses of the future has resulted in a flurry of investment in ICT around the globe, and in wide interest in the Internet, e-commerce and e-business. For example the Malaysian government has created a high-speed data highway, a federal capital that is a 'wired city', and a 'paperless hospital' [1]. The UK Government too has recently approved plans for major ICT projects [5, 10]. These projects are in healthcare, and involve large financial sums. It is important that the use of these public funds leads to successful outcomes. This paper analyses a large successful ICT project that uses e-business technologies. The aim of the paper is to identify the success factors in this completed project to see if these pointers indicate favourable prospects for the outcome of these new healthcare projects.
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