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2 Oceanologia

2 2013

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Sea salt in aerosols over the southern Baltic. Part 2. The neutralizing properties of sea salt and ammonia

100%

Lewandowska A. U. , Falkowska L. M.

2013

tom No. 55 (2)

299-318

In 2001-2007 aerosols were measured in the coastal zone (11 campaigns) and over the open waters of the Gdańsk Basin (southern Baltic) (5 campaigns). The marine aerosols contained nitrogen and sulphur compounds, which increased their acidity. This situation intensified during the cool months of the year, when fossil fuel emissions were higher, proportionate to energy and heat requirements. Irrespective of the season, these acidic aerosols were neutralized in the reaction with sea salt. The likelihood of sodium nitrate being formed increased at air humidities > 80% and nitrate concentrations >30 nmol m-3. Sodium sulphate was present in aerosols mostly in autumn and winter, with northerly advection, and at the highest wind speeds. The excess of free ammonia resulted in the formation of ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate in aerosols over the southern Baltic.

Sea salt in aerosols over the southern Baltic. Part 1. The generation and transportation of marine particles

100%

Lewandowska A. U. , Falkowska L. M.

2013

tom No. 55 (2)

279-298

During five campaigns at sea and 11 on land in 2001-2007, aerosols were measured in the coastal zone and over the open sea in the Gdańsk Basin (southern Baltic). Sea salt concentrations were high both over Gdynia (2.0-12.2 žg m-3) and at sea (1.3-14.5 žg m-3). The intensity of the generation and transport of marine aerosols increased exponentially with wind speeds > 5 m s-1 over land and > 3 m s-1 over the Gulf of Gdańsk, this being most noticeable with Baltic and oceanic advection. Sea breezes were conducive to the transport of marine aerosols over land areas. The sea was also the origin of both sea salt and non-sea salt sulphate aerosols. An interesting increase in the proportion of non-sea salt-related sulphates (86.7%) was observed in spring, when the biological processes in the sea were more intense.